Modern harvesters are equipped with measurement and bucking optimization systems able not only to continuously measure the length and diameter of the stem but also to predict the profile of the unknown part of a stem and to calculate the optimal cross-cutting points for the whole stem. So far, tree-bucking optimization in the Nordic countries has been efficiently applied only with spruce becaus...

The introduction of new materials can significantly improve the performance existing dampers, but constitutive model is difficult to be obtained in a short time, which makes its numerical simulation difficult. Bouc–Wen–Baber–Noori (BWBN) well describe stress-strain relationship materials, and it helpful introduce into simulation. In this paper, high manganese steel material used fabricate buckl...