The ocean's influence upon and response to Antarctic ice sheet changes is considered in relation to sea level rise over recent and future decades. Assuming present-day ice fronts are in approximate equilibrium, a preliminary budget for the ice sheet is estimated from accumulation vs. iceberg calving and the basal melting that occurs beneath floating ice shelves. Iceberg calving is derived from ...

There is strong evidence that polar ice-caps are, in places, rapidly melting. This is both in response to emergence from the last ice age but also current unprecedented rises in atmospheric carbon dioxide. Melting and the regional warming underlying it, are highly complex and influences on life is debated. In the Arctic and the Antarctic Peninsula the number of glaciers retreating and retreat r...

Iceberg calving from all Antarctic ice shelves has never been directly measured, despite playing a crucial role in ice sheet mass balance. Rapid changes to iceberg calving naturally arise from the sporadic detachment of large tabular bergs but can also be triggered by climate forcing. Here we provide a direct empirical estimate of mass loss due to iceberg calving and melting from Antarctic ice ...

BACKGROUND Dementia is among the leading causes of functional loss and disability in older adults. Research has demonstrated that nursing home patients without dementia can improve their function in activities of daily living, strength, balance and mental well being by physical exercise. The evidence on effect of physical exercise among nursing home patients with dementia is scarce and ambiguou...

Abstract. Ice shelves play a key role in the dynamics of marine ice sheets by buttressing grounded and limiting rates flux to oceans. In response recent climatic oceanic change, fringing West Antarctic Sheet (WAIS) have begun fragment retreat, with major implications for ice-sheet stability. Here, we focus on Thwaites Eastern Shelf (TEIS), remaining pinned floating extension Glacier. We show th...

When Albert Einstein first presented his theory of the electrodynamics of moving bodies (1905), he began by explaining how his kinematic assumptions led to a certain coordinate transformation, soon to be known as the “Lorentz” transformation. Along the way, the young Einstein affirmed the form-invariance of the equation of a spherical light-wave (or light-sphere covariance, for short) with resp...