Pneumonia is still a major problem in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, and despite extensive investigation the aetiology remains unknown in many cases. The prevalence of the eight human herpesviruses was determined by polymerase chain reaction in 91 samples of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from 72 HIV-infected patients with 91 episodes of suspected pneumonia. The prese...

gastroesophageal reflux disease (gerd)  is defined with clinical symptoms  of  heart burning and regurgitation. it may be associated with external esophageal symptoms such as chronic cough, asthma, laryngitis, chronic lung disease, sinusitis and pulmonary fibrosis. in the present study, rats with chronic aspiration of gastroduodenal contentswere studied for  cellular phenotypes  and  cytokine c...

INTRODUCTION Mutiple mieloma (MM) cells are rarely found in extramedullary sites. The sites of extramedullary dissemination reported in the literature are spleen, liver, lymph nodes, kidneys, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, ovary, tests, lung, pleura, pericardium, intestinal tract and skin. We report a case in which the myeloma was diagnosed after we discovered the presence of monoclonal plasma c...

The optimal strategy for ventilator-associated pneumonia remains controversial. To clarify the tradeoffs involved, we performed a decision analysis. Strategies evaluated included antibiotic therapy with and without diagnostic testing. Tests that were explored included endotracheal aspirates, bronchoscopy with protected brush or bronchoalveolar lavage, and nonbronchoscopic mini-bronchoalveolar l...

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) has been used in diagnostic and prognostic evaluation in diffuse parenchymal lung disease for three decades and has a central role in the diagnosis of a number of rare disorders and in excluding opportunistic infection in treated patients. It also has an important place in the personal diagnostic algorithms of many experienced clinicians in the diagnosis of the more...

We compared conventional bronchoscopic transbronchial biopsy (TBB) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) with non-bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage (NB-BAL) in nine patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and bilateral lung infiltrates. NB-BAL was carried out with a control-tipped reusable catheter. In each patient, bronchoscopic procedures were performed in the right lung, follow...

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a useful tool in researches and in clinical medicine of lung diseases because the BAL fluid contains biochemical and cytological indicators of the cellular response to infection, drugs, or toxicants. However, the variability among laboratories regarding the technique and the processing of the BAL material limits clinical research. The aim of this study was to det...

To investigate the safety of repeated bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and the variability of commonly measured parameters from BAL to BAL in the same subject, we performed a total of 59 BALs in 16 normal volunteer subjects. The BAL was performed with 120 ml (three aliquots of 40 ml) of room temperature, normal saline in a lingular subsegment. Four subjects had five BAL, three had four BAL, and nin...