Based on monitoring the γ process (the lowest temperature-relaxation) in polyacrylonitrile (PAN) by dynamic dielectric spectroscopy, new evidence for the formation of a charge transfer complex between bromine dopants and nitrile groups is presented. The experimental work is carried out on PAN and nitrile polymerized PAN with and without bromine doping and the effects of these factors on the γ p...

The reaction between hydrogen and chlorine shows resemblance to that between hydrogen and bromine but is considerably more complicated, owing to the larger number of elementary processes that play a significant part in it. The reaction scheme proposed for the hydrogen-chlorine reaction differs in several important respects from that for the hydrogen-bromine reaction. The main differences are se...

Hydroxylamine has been determined by its oxidation to nitrite with a known excess of bromine. Bromine in acidic medium bleaches the dye methyl red. A known excess of bromine when treated with hydroxylamine is reduced to bromide and the unreacted bromine is determined using methyl red. The method obeys Beer’s law in the range 0-5 μg of hydroxylamine in an overall aqueous volume of 25 mL. The rel...

While theoretically feasible, estrogen receptor (ER)-directed radio therapy of hormone-dependent cancers has not been realized because no ER-seeking ligand with an appropriate radiotoxic potential has been identified. Since an appropriate nuclide is a key component we studied the 4.4-h half-life, Auger electron-emitting nuclide bromine-SOm. When incorporated into DNA this nuclide was radiotoxic...

We use cyclic charge-discharge experiments to evaluate the capacity retention rates of two quinone-bromide flow batteries (QBFBs). These aqueous QBFBs use a negative electrolyte containing either anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonic acid (AQDS) or anthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid (AQS) dissolved in sulfuric acid, and a positive electrolyte containing bromine and hydrobromic acid. We find that the AQS cell...

Heat capacities, standard enthalpies of formation and entropies for 339 polybrominated/chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PXDDs) in the gas state were calculated using the density functional theory to construct a consistent set of thermodynamic values. The heat capacities and the entropies for PXDDs increase with increase in the substitute number of bromine and chlorine. As the degree of brominatio...

During the Arctic Tropospheric Ozone Chemistry (ARCTOC) campaigns at Ny-AÊ lesund, Spitsbergen, the role of halogens in the depletion of boundary layer ozone was investigated. In spring 1995 and 1996 up to 30 ppt bromine monoxide were found whenever ozone decreased from normal levels of about 40 ppb. Those main trace gases and others were speci®cally followed in the UV-VIS spectral region by di...

Bromine-based flow batteries (Br-FBs) are receiving more and attention because of the high potential, solubility, low cost Br2/Br− redox couple. However, self-discharge reaction caused by bromine diffusion leads to serious irreversible capacity decay Br-FBs. Herein, a porous composite membrane is designed for Br-FBs, upon which highly selective separation layer constructed introducing complexin...

Halogens (fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine) were determined by activation analyses (neutron activation analysis (NAA), photon activation analysis (PAA) and prompt gamma-ray analysis (PGA)) for geological and cosmochemical solid samples. We studied how each analytical method was for the determination of trace amounts of halogens in rock samples. Radiochemical NAA (RNAA) showed the highest ...

A novel low-cost bromine-fixed additive is proposed to relieve self-discharge in zinc bromine batteries. solid complexed polybromide can be formed during charging, which effectively limit the diffusion anodic side.