and commentary also published in Evidence-Based Medicine.

Over the years we have been working to develop, test, and implement tobacco control interventions as a part of routine care within Kaiser Permanente. Most of our work has been in Kaiser Permanente’s northwest division, based in Portland, Oregon, but we have also implemented similar approaches in several other divisions, including Ohio, Hawaii, and Georgia. I will first describe our general appr...

BACKGROUND People need to perceive a risk in order to build an intention-to-change behaviour yet our ability to interpret information about risk is highly variable. OBJECTIVES We aimed to use a user-centred design process to develop an animated interface for the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Risk Engine to illustrate cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and the potential to reduce this r...

BACKGROUND Smoking cessation is beneficial for our health at any point in life, both in healthy people and in people already suffering from a smoking-related disease. Any help to quit smoking can produce considerable benefits for Public Health. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy of the CO-oximetry technique together with brief advice in smoking cessation, in terms of r...

Objective To determine the effectiveness of programmes of screening in general practice for excessive alcohol use and providing brief interventions. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials that used screening as a precursor to brief intervention. Setting General practice. Main outcome measures Number needed to treat, proportion of patients positive on screenin...

OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness of programmes of screening in general practice for excessive alcohol use and providing brief interventions. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials that used screening as a precursor to brief intervention. SETTING General practice. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Number needed to treat, proportion of patients positive on sc...

Our objective was to establish the short-term outcomes for successful tobacco cessation of a programme offering UK resident Bangladeshi women chewing paan with tobacco nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) in addition to brief advice and encouragement alone. We used a short-term longitudinal, quasi-experimental study design, in the setting of two local authority housing estates in Tower Hamlets, L...

Background. Theoretical and clinical developments suggest that opportunistic interventions could be developed that are more effective and satisfying to use than brief advice to quit smoking. Motivational consulting was influenced by the ‘stages of change’ model, self-efficacy theory, motivational interviewing, and the patient-centred clinical method. Aim. To compare the clinical and cost-effect...