Undertaking foreign direct investment (FDI) is the defining feature of multinational enterprises (MNEs). While emerging economies as recipients of FDI are familiar with MNEs, these MNEs tend to be firms from the developed world. A new breed of home-grown MNEs has now arisen from the emerging economies, in particular the group known as BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, and China). In this article, th...

This paper investigates the relationship between BRICs’ and advanced economies’ stock markets from 2000 to 2016 utilizing continuous wavelet transform. The transform allows us explore these relationships in time–frequency domain capture short- long-term investors’ perspectives. Bi-directional spillovers are captured terms of returns volatility. In addition covering periods dot.com crash, 11 Sep...

How similar are the publishing patterns of among Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC countries) in comparison with other countries? This is a question that we addressed by using networks as a tool to analyze the structure of similarities and disparities between countries. We analyzed the number of publications from 2006 to 2015 that are reported by SCImago Journal and Country Rank. With this ...

The recent phenomenon of rising outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) flows has raised serious policy concerns about its effects on the domestic investment and capital formation in the source countries. Does OFDI stimulate domestic investment or does it crowd it out? The concern arises because OFDI activities could shift not only some of the production activities from home to foreign destina...

a r t i c l e i n f o Ecological and biophysical economists and historians of economics consider that availability of energy inputs has played a key role in driving economic growth in industrialized and emerging economies. Nevertheless, being very sensitive to structural characteristics or stages of economic development, the strength of this link differs among countries. This study analyzes the...

At the outset, the choice for four seemingly unrelated nations into an economic category seems disingenuous. However, as we examine the historic economic data, a more detailed picture starts to emerge. For instance, in 2001 and 2002, the combined nominal GDP growth of emerging economies exceeded that of the G7 nations [1][2]. This is in line with a 2011 economic paper on GDP projections by the ...

this report presents an 11 year-old girl with benign recurrent cholestasis (bric) who developed episodes of severe jaundice and pruritus at the ages of 2.5 and 10 years. each episode lasted for 3-4 months. the peak level of serum bilirubin reached 33-37 mg/dl.liver function tests were all normal during the attack except for increased alkaline phosphatase and prolonged prothrombin time responsiv...