The emerging contaminants are commonly derived from municipal, agricultural, and industrial wastewater sources and pathways. These compounds are polar and poorly biodegradable. The dynamic removal of atenolol from aqueous solutions by activated carbon in fixed bed column systems was investigated. As far as we know, this is the first study reporting the decontamination by adsorption in fixed bed...

Virological breakthrough is a clinical manifestation in patients infected with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), who undergo treatment with nucleoside/nucleotide analogs (NUCs). The current understanding of the underlying mechanism of virological breakthrough is limited. Ultra‑deep pyrosequencing (UDPS) is a novel and powerful tool used to investigate minor viral variants and viral evolution. The pres...

ECBM displacement experiments are a direct way to observe the gas displacement process and efficiency by inspecting the produced gas composition and flow rate. We conducted two sets of ECBM experiments by injecting N2 and CO2 through four large parallel specimens (300 × 50 × 50 mm coal briquette). N2 or CO2 is injected at pressures of 1.5, 1.8, and 2.2 MPa and various crustal stresses. The chan...

Highly ordered mesoporous MCM-41silica with hexagonal structure was synthesized using extracted amorphous silica from sedge (Carex riparia) ash. Obtained mesoporous materials functionalized by 3-(Aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane (APTMS) and their structures characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption-desorption, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infr...

Background. We have previously shown that 75% of individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in a resource-limited setting who experienced virological breakthrough to >1000 copies/mL were resuppressed after an intensive adherence intervention. This study examines the long-term outcomes of this group in order to understand the impact of the adherence intervention over time. Methods. ART-naïve ad...

"Breakthrough pain" is a common clinical term that has not been conclusively defined or described. Breakthrough pain is a transitory flare of pain experienced when baseline pain has been reduced to a mild or moderate level. Breakthrough pain may be characterized by its relationship to a fixed around-the-clock (ATC) opioid dose, rapid onset and short duration, precipitating events, predictabilit...

PURPOSE Many pediatric urologists still favor using prophylactic antibiotics to treat children with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). However, breakthrough infection sometimes occurs, leading to significant increases in morbidity as a result of renal scarring. Therefore, we tested whether abnormal renal scan and other factors are predictive of breakthrough infection using univariate analyses. MATE...

INTRODUCTION Breakthrough pain is common among patients with cancer and presents challenges to effective pain management. Breakthrough pain is characterized by rapid onset, severe intensity, and duration typically lasting <1 h. Thus, optimal relief from breakthrough pain is best attained by administering analgesics with dissolution times and bioavailabilities that closely match the onset and du...

The ideal architecture for these new systems is described in an earlier white paper entitled: “A Soft-Control Architecture: Breakthrough in Hard Real-Time Design for Complex Systems.” This white paper presumes a basic understanding of how Soft-Control Architectures can replace FPGA/DSP/PowerPC and proprietary RTOS solutions with a hard-real-time software plug-in for Microsoft Windows to deliver...

OBJECTIVE We evaluated the analgesic efficacy and safety of tramadol 37.5 mg/acetaminophen 325 mg combination tablet, for the treatment of breakthrough pain in cancer patients. METHODS This study was conducted at Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan from January 2006 to February 2007. The single-center and open-label study enrolled 59 opioid-treated cancer patients with at least mode...