Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARP inhibitor) is a new targeted drug for metastatic prostate cancer in which the patient has mutation on homologous repair gene including BRCA1/2 gene. This was first gene-based agent and there were more than 5 available drugs PARP inhibitors. Only 4 approved clinical use patients with from U.S. Food Drug Administration. review article deals overview o...

Mutations of the breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1), a tumor suppressor, confer an increased risk for breast, ovarian, and prostate cancers. To investigate the function of the BRCA1 gene, we performed DNA microarray and confirmatory reverse transcription-PCR analyses to identify BRCA1-regulated gene expression changes. We found that BRCA1 up-regulates the expression of multiple genes i...

In mammalians, demethylation of specific promoter regions often correlates with gene activation; inversely, dense methylation of CpG islands leads to gene silencing, probably mediated by methyl-CpG binding proteins. In cell lines and cancers, inhibition of tissue-specific genes and tumor suppressor genes expression seems to be related to such hypermethylation. The 5' end of the breast cancer pr...

Cancer originates from the unnatural divisions of cells that have constant mutations in the genes which are involved in cell propagation and endurance. Dogs are beloved pet animals and they suffer from many cancers like humans. Mutated BRCA1 and COX-2 abnormal gene expression have been seen in a large number of cancers previously. In this research gene sequencing and gene expression of COX-2 an...

BACKGROUND Cancer initiation and progression are controlled by genetic and epigenetic events. One epigenetic process which is widely known is DNA methylation, a cause of gene silencing. If a gene is silenced the protein which it encodes will not expressed. OBJECTIVES 1. Identify the methylation status of BRCA1 in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC)and assess BRCA1 protein expression...

BRCA1 gene is a tumor suppressor for breast and ovarian cancers with the putative role in DNA repair and transcription. To characterize the role of BRCA1 in transcriptional regulation, we analyzed gene expression profiles of mouse embryonic stem cells deficient in BRCA1 using microarray technology. We found that loss of BRCA1 correlated with decreased expression of several groups of genes inclu...

Mutations in the breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) may account for one half of all familial breast cancers. Because of the wide spectrum of different germline mutations, identification of BRCA1 mutation carriers using current techniques is laborious and difficult. The majority of the identified mutations, however, lead to aberrant expression of the gene product in tumor tissue, potent...

The BRCA1 gene on human chromosome 17q21 is responsible for an autosomal dominant syndrome of inherited early onset breast/ovarian cancer. It is estimated that women harboring a germline BRCA1 mutation incur an 85% lifetime risk of breast cancer and a greatly elevated risk of ovarian cancer. The BRCA1 gene has recently been isolated and mutations have been found in the germline of affected indi...

Germ-line alterations of the BRCA1 gene confer a lifetime risk of 40% for ovarian cancers and of 40%-80% for breast cancers. It is likely that BRCA1 acts as a tumor suppressor gene. BRCA1 involvement in breast cancers does not seem to be restricted to familial cancers. Despite the absence of somatic mutations in the breast tissues, a down regulation of BRCA1 expression is associated with malign...

The inheritance of a mutant copy of the BRCA1 gene greatly increases a woman's lifetime risk for ovarian and breast cancer. While a homologous gene has been identified in mouse, mice carrying mutations in this gene do not display a detectable increase in tumor formation. To determine whether mutations in p53 might increase the incidence of tumors associated with the loss of BRCA1 function in mi...