Where do emergent features come from? This has long been an intriging puzzle. The concept of pet fish illustrates the difficulty. Most people expect pet fish to live in bowls, even though this is not something either pets or fish normally do. The inference that pet fish have the feature of living in bowls cannot be explained purely in terms of the constituents themselves. The feature seems to e...

There are many wonderful museums in Jerusalem, but one of my favourites is the Bible Lands Museum. Its collection includes historical artefacts from all around the ‘‘fertile crescent’’—the great swathe of land from Persia to Egypt that was the source of many ancient civilisations, and gave birth to some of the world’s great religions. Currently there are two special exhibitions there. One is ce...

Centrifuge-based cell salvage and washing systems, available since the 1970s, have decreased the use of allogeneic blood transfusions (1). Although intraoperative salvage and autotransfusion avoids the risks of allogeneic transfusion, case reports document adverse reactions to this blood, potentially related to inadequate washing (2). The cleanliness of partially filled cell salvage bowls has b...

In this paper, we present material from an ongoing ethnographic investigation of family life. Drawing on selected fieldwork materials, we look at the ways families deal with household clutter, and in particular how clutter can be contained in bowls and drawers. Based on this research, a case is made for rethinking digital media management in domestic settings. We argue that existing solutions, ...

This study included 6 groups of pregnant ewes with a change-over design. In period 1 group 1, 2 and 3 had access to the water nipples 4, 5 bowls vice versa in 2. all six both types dispensers. The ewes’ intake was significantly higher when drinking only from (3.27 ± 0.29 l/ewe day) than (2.04 0.22 (F = 78.28, P < 0.001). wastage for 36% usage negligible bowls. When offered dispensers ewes' tend...

Reinfusion of shed blood during surgery could avoid the need for blood transfusions. Prior to reinfusion of the red blood cells, the shed blood must be washed in order to remove leukocytes, platelets, and other contaminants. Further, the hematocrit of the washed blood must be increased. The feasibility of using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to guide the design of better centrifuges for pro...