in this study, the effect of grain size on nitrogen diffusion into ck45 has been investigated. in order to obtain different grain sizes, samples were annealed and normalized at various temperatures and durations.the grain size was determined with clemex vision software. then, the specimens were exposed to dc plasma nitriding treatment and again analyzed by optical microscope ,scanning electron ...

1. Plants interact with many organisms, such as microbes and herbivores, and these interactions are likely to affect the establishment and spread of plants. In the context of plant invasions, mycorrhizal fungi and constitutive and induced resistance of plants against herbivores have received attention independently of each other. However, plants are frequently involved in complex multi-trophic ...

Support Vector Machines (SVMs) have gained wide acceptance because of the high generalization ability for a wide range of classification applications. Although SVMs have shown potential and promising performance in classification, they have been limited by speed particularly when the training data set is large. The hyper plane constructed by SVM is dependent on only a portion of the training sa...

| An adaptive on-line learning method is presented to faciliate pattern classiication using active sampling to identify optimal decision boundary for a stochas-tic oracle with minimum number of training samples. The strategy of sampling at the current estimate of the decision boundary is shown to be optimal compared to random sampling in the sense that the probability of convergence toward the ...

An adaptive on-line learning method is presented to faciliate pattern classi cation using active sampling to identify optimal decision boundary for a stochastic oracle with minimum number of training samples. The strategy of sampling at the current estimate of the decision boundary is shown to be optimal in the sense that the probability of convergence toward the true decision boundary at each ...

We propose a Bayesian framework for representing and recognizing local image motion in terms of two primitive models: translation and motion discontinuity. Motion discontinuities are represented using a non-linear generative model that explicitly encodes the orientation of the boundary, the velocities on either side, the motion of the occluding edge over time, and the appearance/disappearance o...

This work has two primary goals. The first is to advance our fundamental understanding of grain boundaries by making direct measurements of grain boundary thermodynamic properties using ultrafine-grained materials. The second is to explore possible deviations from conventional behavior at ultrafine grain sizes, specifically in regards to grain boundary thermodynamic properties and solute segreg...