Analysis of the abundance of ejecta boulders Z2 m in diameter on the rims of twelve lunar craters (150– 950 m in diameter) of known formation ages (2–300 Ma) led to estimates of the survival times of metersized boulders against collisional destruction on the Moon. The median survival time, when 50% of the original rock population 42 m was destroyed, is about 40–80 Ma, while the 99% survival tim...

As global climate warms and sea level rises, coastal areas will be subject to more frequent extreme flooding and hurricanes. Geologic evidence for extreme coastal storms during past warm periods has the potential to provide fundamental insights into their future intensity. Recent studies argue that during the Last Interglacial (MIS 5e, ∼128-116 ka) tropical and extratropical North Atlantic cycl...

Some ecological restoration projects include elements of trial and error where new measures are repeatedly tried, evaluated, and modified until satisfactory results are achieved. Thereafter, the resulting methods may be applied on larger scales. A difficult step is judging whether developed “best-practice” methods have become reasonably ecologically functional or whether further experimentation...

An accumulation of boulders was recently discovered along the rocky coast of the Gulf of Fos located in Provence, in an area exposed to a south-westerly wave regime. The coast around this locality forms the western extremity of the calcareous Nerthe range between Marseille and the Rhône Delta. Several mega blocks are scattered to a distance of 30 m behind the coast line. The largest block (33.5...

Riverine fish are subjected to heterogeneous flow velocities and turbulence and may use this to their advantage by selecting regions that balance energy expenditure for station holding while maximizing energy gain through feeding opportunities. This study investigated microhabitat selection by guppies Poecilia reticulata in terms of flow characteristics generated by hemisphere boulders in an op...

In this study, a modelling approach was used to investigate the cause of the diversion of erratic boulders from Mont Blanc and southern Valais by the Valais Glacier to the Solothurn lobe during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Using the Parallel Ice Sheet Model, we simulated the ice flow field during the LGM, and analyzed the trajectories taken by erratic boulders from areas with characteristic ...

Most sediment transport equations overestimate the bedload transport rate by several times when applied to mountain rivers. This is due to the fact that the presence of large relatively immobile boulders, which disrupt the flow, is generally not taken into account. Sediment transport in steep channels with boulders was herein investigated using 41 laboratory experiments carried out on a tilting...

Introduction: Crater ejecta launched from the surface of small, rapidly-rotating, and highly-elongated and irregularly-shaped bodies are subjected to a complex dynamical process. Dynamical models [1,2] of reaccretion of impact ejecta on asteroids provide important tools for a detailed investigation of the distribution of blocks and finer regolith across Eros’ surface as revealed by the NEAR MSI...