This study was conducted at the Atat niversity farm in Erzurum over 2 years (2004-2005) to evaluate the effects of phosphorus doses and application season on the dry matter production, botanical composition and crude protein, ADF and NDF content of an alsike clover-dominated natural hay meadow. The experiment was planned in a Randomized Complete Block Design with split-plot arrangement of appli...

INTRODUCTION Propolis is a chemically complex resinous substance collected by honeybees (Apis mellifera) from tree buds, comprising plant exudates, secreted substances from bee metabolism, pollen and waxes. Its chemical composition depends strongly on the plant sources available around the beehive, which have a direct impact in the quality and bioactivity of the propolis. Being as Portugal is a...

Background/Aims: In the European Union, an elaborate legal framework regulates botanical products both under food and medicinal law. The decision as to which legal framework applies to an individual product may differ between the Member States. In the case of botanical food supplements, all food law provisions apply to their manufacturing, composition and marketing, including the new claims leg...

Nutraceuticals are food or food ingredients that have defined physiological effects. They do not easily fall into the legal categories of food or drug and often inhabit a grey area between the two. These products in general terms cover health promotion, "optimal nutrition" the concept of enhanced performance--both physically and mentally--and reduction of disease risk factors. In this paper the...

Quantifying botanical composition is important for evaluating the effects of management on legume content and of legume content on pasture yield and quality. The standard for measuring botanical composition is hand separation of clipped samples. An alternative is taking point counts of botanical components on photographs of the pasture. The latter was tested on a rotationally stocked pasture, w...