In the kidney of the adult mouse the tubular epithelium in the most proximal (Pi) segment, corresponding roughly to the convoluted portion of the proximal tubule, shows strong alkaline phosphatase activity, and the brush border is moderately reactive to the periodic acid Schiff (PAS) method. In the more distal (P2) segment of the proximal tubule there is no alkaline phosphatase activity, and th...

INTRODUCTION BIRTE WASSENBERG " Cross-border cooperation can be compared to a patchwork, where pieces of material have been sewn together. The border regions are the seams of Europe and everyone knows that the whole piece is only as strong as its seams. This experience has instilled in me the profound conviction that border regions play a fundamental role as a testing ground and driving force f...

BACKGROUND In the past decade the issue of patient mobility has emerged on the European health policy agenda. Although the volume of patients crossing borders to obtain healthcare is low, it is increasing continuously and, due to its legal, financial and medical implications, has generated considerable interest among health policy and other decision makers. However, there is little information ...

BACKGROUND Brush border microvilli are approximately 1-microm long finger-like projections emanating from the apical surfaces of certain, specialized absorptive epithelial cells. A highly symmetric hexagonal array of thousands of these uniformly sized structures form the brush border, which in addition to aiding in nutrient absorption also defends the large surface area against pathogens. Here,...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The oomycete Aphanomyces euteiches causes up to 80 % crop loss in pea (Pisum sativum). Aphanomyces euteiches invades the root system leading to a complete arrest of root growth and ultimately to plant death. To date, disease control measures are limited to crop rotation and no resistant pea lines are available. The present study aims to get a deeper understanding of the earl...

We report here the complete genome sequences of three border disease virus (BDV) strains of the same subgenotype isolated in Switzerland from a sheep, a cow, and a pig, respectively. This is the first report of full-length sequences of a tentatively new subgenotype isolated from three different species of cloven-hoofed farm animals.

The Sherali-Adams lift-and-project hierarchy is a fundamental construct in integer programming, which provides successively tighter linear programming relaxations of the integer hull of a polytope. We initiate a new approach to understanding the Sherali-Adams procedure by relating it to methods from computational algebraic geometry. Our two main results are the equivalence of the Sherali-Adams ...

addresses the question: what is the best fiducial? A set of criteria that are desirable in an optically tracked fiducial are presented and a new fiducial image set is designed that meets these criteria. The images in this set utilize a square black-border pattern with a 15% border width and an interior image that supports orientation determination and unique identification. The interior image i...