Bone disease with persistent reduced bone mineralisation is common in premature infants. To test the hypothesis that enhancement of nutritional intake after discharge from hospital improves bone mineralisation, 31 formula fed preterm infants were randomly assigned to receive standard or multinutrient enriched milk from the time of discharge. The calcium and phosphorus contents of the enriched m...

Backscattered electron (BSE) imaging is considered to be a useful technique for determining relative differences in bone tissue density. However, it is not clear how graylevel variations seen in BSE images of bone tissue, which are primarily dependent on the tissue's average atomic number, correlate to tissue density (g/cm3) and mineral content. Simulated bone tissues, ranging from 32-50% miner...

Osteoporosis in laying hens has been a production and welfare concern for several decades. The objective of this study was to determine whether differing opportunities for exercise during pullet rearing influences long-term bone quality characteristics in end-of-lay hens. A secondary objective was to assess whether differing opportunities for exercise in adult housing systems alters bone qualit...

Effects of age, vitamin D3 (VitD3) and Fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on the correlations of bone parameters were examined in broiler chickens. A total of 36 d-old male chicks were placed in battery brooders and fed a corn/soybean starter diet for 7 days and were randomly assigned to 12 pens each containing 3 birds. In group 1, birds were fed a corn/soybean starter diet and sacrificed on d 14 and ...

Bone mineral content in spinal trabecular and peripheral cortical bone was measured in 75 unselected patients with small and/or large intestinal inflammatory bowel disease. Osteoporosis, defined as a bone mineral content greater than 2 SD below the age and sex matched normal mean value was present in 23 patients (30.6%). Three amenorrhoeic females aged 34, 38, and 42 years had severe clinical o...

OBJECTIVE To compare grip strength and bone mineral content in the forearm in women and to test the effects on bone mineral content of short periods of exercise that stresses the skeleton. DESIGN Assessment of both wrists in 69 volunteers and of the non-fractured wrist in 30 patients followed by an exercise regimen entailing squeezing a tennis ball as hard as possible for 30 seconds each day ...

The effects of sporting activity and of menstrual status on the bone mineral content of the femoral mid-shaft were investigated. The cohort consisted of 67 elite, female athletes comprising 21 runners, 36 rowers, and 10 dancers. Twenty five of these athletes were amenorrhoeic, 27 eumenorrhoeic, and 15 were taking the oral contraceptive. The bone mineral content was also measured in 13 eumenorrh...