In marine environment, the physical and mechanical performances of reinforced concrete members will vary distinctly with time, which reduces the safety of the structures. The main factors influencing the durability of reinforced concrete members include the deterioration of concrete, the reduction of reinforcing bar strength, the decrease of reinforcing bar area, the weakening of the bond stren...

statement of the problem: the bond strength of composites with different adhesive systems with dentin is an important factor in long term durability of composite restorations. the effect of titanium tetrafluoride (tif4) as anti caries agent and sodium hypochlorite (naocl) as disinfectant on the shear bond of nanofilled and silorane based composite resins have not been investigated in previous s...

Current dental adhesive technology involves either an etch-and-rinse or self-etching approach.8 Evidence of clinical durability exists for both approaches, albeit depending on the specific brand.4,5 Today, enamel still requires phosphoric-acid etching and thus an etch-andrinse approach to obtain a durable bond. The adhesiveenamel bond seals the cavity and even protects the more vulnerable bond ...

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Poor chemical bonding of a denture base resin to cast titanium frameworks often introduces adhesive failure and increases microleakage. PURPOSE This study examined the shear bond strengths of a denture base resin to cast pure titanium, Ti-6Al-4V, and a cobalt-chromium alloy using various adhesive primers. MATERIAL AND METHODS Disks (6.0 mm diameter, 2.5 mm thick) were c...

The immediate bonding effectiveness of contemporary adhesives is quite favorable, regardless of the approach used. In the long term, the bonding effectiveness of some adhesives drops dramatically, whereas the bond strengths of other adhesives are more stable. This review examines the fundamental processes that cause the adhesion of biomaterials to enamel and dentin to degrade with time. Non-car...

Abstract—Recently, the climate change is the one of the main problems. This abnormal phenomenon is consisted of the scorching heat, heavy rain and snowfall, and cold wave that will be enlarged abnormal climate change repeatedly. Accordingly, the width of temperature change is increased more and more by abnormal climate, and it is the main factor of cracking in the reinforced concrete. The crack...