BACKGROUND While a number of programs and web-based applications are available for the interactive display of 3-dimensional molecular structures, few of these provide the ability to edit these structures. For this reason, we have developed a library written in JavaScript to allow for the simple creation of web-based applications that should run on any browser capable of rendering HTML5 web page...

Understanding defect creation is central to efforts comprehend gate dielectric breakdown in metal-oxide-semiconductor-field-effect-transistors (MOSFETs). While dielectrics other than SiO2 are now popular, models developed for used these too. Considering that the Si–O bond very strong, modeling have focused ways weaken it so (bond-breaking) commensurate with experimental observations. So far, bo...

The use of α,ω-dienes as functionalization reagents for olefinic carbon-hydrogen bonds has been rarely studied. Reported herein is the rhodium(I)-catalyzed rearrangement of prochiral 1,6-heptadienes into [2,2,1]-cycloheptane derivatives with concomitant creation of at least three stereogenic centers and complete diastereocontrol. Deuterium-labeling studies and the isolation of a key intermediat...

N,N-Dimethylanilines were coupled with α-azidochalcones using visible-light driven Ru(bpy)3(PF6)2 catalyzed photocascade continuous flow microfluidic approach that involves the creation of one C-C and two C-N new bonds. The reaction involves dual photocatalysis ensuing two sp3 C-H bond functionalization of N,N-dimethylanilines. To explore the scope of the reaction, 20 different 1,3-diazabicyclo...

Reactions of electrons in the energy range below 70 eV with polypeptide cations and anions are reviewed, as well as their applications for the structural analysis of polypeptides. At very low energies (</= 0.1 eV), the major outcome is electron-capture dissociation (ECD) of S-S and backbone N-C(alpha) bonds, leading to c' and z. fragments. ECD is useful in sequencing and characterization of pos...

Sera from virtually all individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus contain antibodies against the viral envelope glycoproteins. By using a series of synthetic peptide antigens, we identified an immunodominant domain at amino acid position 598-609 of gp41. The minimal essential epitope is a 7-amino-acid sequence (amino acids 603-609) containing two cysteine residues. Both cysteine re...

This paper investigates whether joint ventures and strategic alliances create value for bondholders by examining the bond market’s reaction to announcements of these two types of cooperative business activities. Based on 2964 announcements from 1985 to 2011, we find that joint ventures and strategic alliances create significant value for bondholders. The average two-month abnormal bond return i...