Introduction and Purpose: Retirement and ageing are the two important parts of human life that can be studied in various aspects. Retirement, which is usually considered as a  stressful process and is related to depression and poor physical health status, plays an important role in identity and self-esteem of individuals. The aim of this study was to identify physical health status and its...

Introduction Biofilm can be called a bacterial community that often forms on living or non-living surfaces and is common in natural, industrial, and hospital environments. Klebsiella pneumoniae as a pathogen has the potential to produce biofilms. Understanding biofilm formation in biofilm-forming bacteria is important. The aim of this study was to investigate the biofilm formation in isolates ...

This paper aims to explain the inequality and imbalance in the developmental levels of 6 selected cities in North Khorasan. The paper seeks to answer these two questions as to whether the spatial and non-spatial indices in regional disparities have an effect on equality? And can we achieve a functional model based on the evaluation of indicators? In order to achieve the goal and the answer to t...

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the information needs of education office retirees of Bojnourd city as introduction to design outreach library services to them. Methodology: This survey is an applied research. The statistical population consisted of all retirees in Education Department of Bojnourd city until 2013. Estimated sample size was 130 and cluster sampling was adopted. D...

Objective: The aims of the present study was to design an appropriate tool for evaluatin life skills in substance abusers. Method: In this validation study, universe constitutes of all the substance abuser men of Iran. Participants (n=350) were chosen through stratified sampling from all cities of Iran which had a Therapeutic Community, including Tehran, Hamedan, Qom, Mashad, Boroujerd, Kh...