This study examined the effects of hyperhydration on thermoregulatory responses during compensable exercise-heat stress. The general approach was to determine whether 1-h preexercise hyperhydration [29. 1 ml/kg lean body mass; with or without glycerol (1.2 g/kg lean body mass)] would improve sweating responses and reduce core temperature during exercise. During these experiments, the evaporativ...

The mechanisms of heat loss are determined by the special factors of body proportions and by environmental factors. The loss of heat to the environment occurs by conduction, convection, radiation and evaporation. The basic physical laws include the following relevant factors: air temperature (the temperature difference between body and environment), air humidity (the vapor pressure of the skin ...

BACKGROUND Research on variation in bill morphology has focused on the role of diet. Bills have other functions, however, including a role in heat and water balance. The role of the bill in heat loss may be particularly important in birds where water is limiting. Song sparrows localized in coastal dunes and salt marsh edge (Melospiza melodia atlantica) are similar in size to, but have bills wit...

water and energy are key commodities utilized in the process industries.water minimization and energy minimization have been studied separately. in this paper, a new systematic design methodology has been developed for the simultaneous management of energy and water systems that also feature maximum re-use of water. in addition to allowing re-use of water, issues about heat losses inside unit o...

Changes in temperature and body heat were measured in 30 patients. Despite the warming of most fluids given intravenously, all the patients ventilated with dry anaesthetic gases became cooler, with an average heat loss of 12.4 kilocalories per hour. In a group to whom the gases were delivered saturated at body temperature, the average hourly loss was 1.5 kilocalories. This difference is in agre...

A GROWING BODY OF LITERATURE has offered purported evidence of a “central governor” mechanism providing an “anticipatory” control of exercise performance to prevent catastrophic failures of homeostasis in any physiological system (13, 14, 16). The notion that sensations such as “thirst” and “perceived exertion” cause a preemptive reduction in motor unit recruitment and therefore exercise perfor...

This paper addresses the ways in which heat loss effector functions change with maturation and aging, using data obtained in our laboratory. Prepubertal children have an underdeveloped sweat function compared with young adults; this is compensated by a greater surface area-to-mass ratio and relatively greater heat loss from cutaneous vasodilation on the head and trunk when the air temperature i...

The rate of sensible heat loss from a Clun Forest ewe was studied at several fleece depths in a temperature-controlled chamber. A simple resistance analogue was used to describe the heat flow from different body regions. Heat loss from the trunk depends largely on the mean fleece depth l. The fleece resistance was about 1.5 s cm-1 per centimetre depth. Heat transfer through the fleece was accou...

Studies in young adults show that a greater proportion of heat is gained shortly following the start of exercise and that temporal changes in whole body heat loss during intermittent exercise have a pronounced effect on body heat storage. The consequences of short-duration intermittent exercise on heat storage with aging are unclear. We compared evaporative heat loss (HE) and changes in body he...

Th is paper discusses human thermoregulation and how this relates to health problems during exposure to climatic stress. Th e heat exchange of the body with the environment is described in terms of the heat balance equation which determines whether the body heats up, remains at stable temperature, or cools. Inside the body the thermoregulatory control aims at creating the right conditions of he...