Stereospecific Permeability of Rat BloodBrain Barrier to Lactic Acid • Blood and whole brain C and P activities were determined in hepatectomized rats one, two, five and ten minutes after intravenous (I.V.) injection of C-labeled L-lactate or D-lactate and P-labeled rat red blood cells. Whole brain homogenate C was corrected for blood "C and chemically partitioned into "C-lactate, CO2 and other...

The blood-brain interfaces restrict the cerebral bioavailability of pharmacological compounds. Various drug delivery strategies have been developed to improve drug penetration into the brain. Most strategies target the microvascular endothelium forming the bloodbrain barrier proper. Targeting the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier formed by the epithelium of the choroid plexuses in additio...

This study was designed to determine whether physiological activation of sympathetic pathways affects cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the integrity of the blood-brain barrier during hypertension. Increased sympathetic activity was induced in anesthetized cats by sinoaortic deafferentation (SAD), a procedure that results in acute, severe neurogenic hypertension. Sympathetic innervation of one cere...

Functional Effects of Contrast Media on the Brain Referring to the editorial No Drug is Benign (1), we would like to report the results of our previous studies, commanding greater attention to the socalled minor risks of contrast administration, particularly in patients with unstable alteration of the blood-brain barrier (2). Functional damage of the brain can be evaluated by behavioral studies...

Endothelial cells that make up brain capillaries and constitute the blood-brain barrier become different from peripheral endothelial cells in response to inductive factors found in the nervous system . We have established a cell culture model of the bloodbrain barrier by treating brain endothelial cells with a combination of astrocyte-conditioned medium and agents that elevate intracellular cAM...

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) may be followed by slow recovery of brain function. The possible role of bicarbonate therapy was assessed by analysis of arterial blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in 20 dogs during cardiac arrest and CPR. Samples were taken in the control period and every 5 minutes postarrest for 20 minutes. Group I received no post-arrest CPR. Arterial pH fell from 7.37 t...

The bloodbrain barrier (BBB) denies many therapeutic agents access to brain tumors and other diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). Despite remarkable advances in our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the development of the brain diseases and the actions of neuroactive agents, drug delivery to the brain remains a challenge. For more than 20 years, extensive efforts have been ma...

JEM © The Rockefeller University Press $15.00 Vol. 204, No. 3, March 19, 2007 571–582 www.jem.org/cgi/doi/10.1084/jem.20061931 571 powerful target for therapeutic intervention (4), the mechanisms of perivascular microglia activation in infl ammatory demyelination as well as a strategy to limit their activation in MS have not been identifi ed. In MS lesions, perivascular activation of microglia ...

Organophosphorus (OP) is a large group of compounds with a wide variety of applications. The group comprises insecticides, pesticides and nematicides etc. in addition to deadly poison OP warfare chemicals like sarin and tabun. Thousands of casualties have been reported globally each year by the unintentional and intentional use of OP compounds. Uses of deadly poison OP like sarin by terrorists ...

Experiments with the ventriculo-cisternal perfusion system in rabbits have shown that part of the extraction of [14C]glucose and 14C-labelled non-metabolizable glucose analogues from the perfusion system is Na+-dependent (Bradbury & Brerndsted, 1973). From this system in vivo sugars may be taken up by brain cells (neurones and glial cells) or they may pass into the circulating blood by crossing...