PURPOSE To evaluate the reliability and sensitivity to training of an audio-paced incremental swimming test. METHODS Eight young national-level male swimmers (age 15 +/- 1 year) performed a 7 x 200-m incremental swimming test (velocities 1.19, 1.24, 1.28, 1.33, 1.39, and 1.45 m/s and maximal sprint pace) using an audio-pacing device. The same test was performed 4 times by each participant, 1 ...

OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy in runners of two relaxation techniques with regard to exercise reactivity and recovery after exercise. METHODS Thirty one adult male runners were studied prospectively for six months in three groups practising either meditation (n = 11) or autogenic training (n = 11) or serving as controls (n = 10). Before and after the six months relaxation intervention, in...

PURPOSE This study aimed to quantify the intensity profile of elite downhill mountain bike races during competitions. METHODS Seventeen male downhill racers (22 ± 5 y; 185.1 ± 5.3 cm; 68.0 ± 3.9 kg; VO2peak: 59.4 ± 4.1 mL·min·kg-1) participated in the International German Downhill Championships in 2010. The racers' peak oxygen uptake and heart rate (HR) at 2 and 4 mmol·L-1 blood lactate (HR2 ...

Infusions of fructose or sorbitol are used commonly in parenteral nutrition and may cause lactic acidosis. A case is reported in whom blood lactate concentration was monitored frequently over a 5-day period during intravenous feeding with a sorbitol-ethanol-amino acid mixture. During the first five infusions blood lactate rose only moderately, but with the final infusion lactate rose to 11-1 mm...

PURPOSE To investigate the physiological responses and perceived exertion during international Taekwondo competition. METHODS Eight male Taekwondo black belts (mean +/- SD, age 22 +/- 4 y, body mass 69.4 +/- 13.4 kg, height 1.82 +/- 0.10 m, competition experience 9 +/- 5 y) took part in an international-level Taekwondo competition. Each combat included three 2-min rounds with 30 s of recovery...

PURPOSE Peak power (PP) and mean power (MP) attained in upper body sprint performance test are considered important factors for competitive success in wrestling. This study aimed to determine whether acute caffeine ingestion would better maintain PP and MP across a simulated competition day in wrestling. METHODS In a double-blind, counterbalanced, crossover study, 14 trained wrestlers ingeste...

Hyperglycemia was observed in frogs after single ip injections of doses above 50 &kg of adrenalin and glucagon. Blood glucose responses were maximal at 3 hr and lasted at least 5 hr. Lactacidemia was apparent after treatment with adrenalin at doses of 50 &kg and above. The increase in lactate was apparent by 1 hr and had dropped to control levels by 5 hr. Tissue giycogen loss was not observed a...

INTRODUCTION In this study, we sought to determine whether laboratory and physiological parameters can be useful in predicting mortality in patients with sepsis-induced hypotension and septic shock. METHODOLOGY This prospective cohort study was carried out in the emergency department at an academic medical center. A total of 51 patients met enrollment criteria during the study period and 41 o...