OBJECTIVE To review the management of acute gastrointestinal bleeding in the critically ill patient in a two part presentation. DATA SOURCES Articles and a review of studies reported from 1991 to 2001 and identified through a MEDLINE search of the English language literature on acute gastrointestinal bleeding. SUMMARY OF REVIEW Gastrointestinal bleeding is a relatively frequent problem in t...

Background: Gallstones are very common worldwide with a prevalence of 6% in men and 29% women all ages. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the gold standard treatment for gallbladder diseases associated frequent complication haemorrhage. Applying direct pressure or electrocauterization can be used securing hemostasis pain control. Objective: To compare hemostatic control by versus while dissecting...

Cardiac bypass surgery is associated with changes in haemostatis which can lead to bleeding. This report highlights two examples of such bleeding which led to unusual clinical presentations and endocrinological consequences: adrenal and pituitary haemorrhage.

Bleeding from oesophageal varices, oesophageal ulcers or oesophagitis is occasionally massive and difficult to control. Octreotide, a synthetic analogue of somatostin lowers portal pressure and collateral blood flow including that through varices, increases lower oesophageal sphincter pressure, and inhibits the gastric secretion of acid as well as pepsin. Our current experience suggests it is e...

BACKGROUND Tranexamic acid prevents blood clots from breaking down and reduces bleeding. However, it is uncertain whether tranexamic acid is effective in traumatic brain injury. The CRASH-3 trial is a randomised controlled trial that will examine the effect of tranexamic acid (versus placebo) on death and disability in 13,000 patients with traumatic brain injury. The CRASH-3 trial hypothesizes ...

A case of haemorrhage into a parasagittal meningioma treated by surgical resection is presented. A review of the literature found 43 additional cases of meningioma associated with haemorrhage. By correlating these cases with those from another large series of meningiomas classified by histological type and location, an estimation of the "relative bleeding tendency" of certain classes of meningi...

In 277 consecutive episodes of suspected upper gastrointestinal bleeding, lesions bearing stigmata of recent haemorrhage (stigmata) were found by endoscopy in 110 (47%) out of 233 patients who were judged to have bled; 78 (33%) had lesions without stigmata, and in 45 (19%) no lesion was seen. Results in 176 entirely unselected admissions for upper gastrointestinal bleeding were similar.Forty-ei...

BACKGROUND In many developing countries vitamin K prophylaxis is not routinely administered at birth. There are insufficient data to assess the cost effectiveness of its implementation in such countries. OBJECTIVE To estimate the burden of intracranial haemorrhage caused by late onset vitamin K deficiency bleeding in Hanoi, Vietnam. METHODS Cases of intracranial haemorrhage in infants aged ...

Introduction Bleeding and blood loss associated with pregnancy and delivery remain important causes of morbidity. Although catastrophic bleeding is fairly rare nowadays, haemorrhage, particularly after giving birth, is still one of the leading causes of maternal mortality.' Obstetric haemorrhage may be associated with specific complications of pregnancy or labour, or it may be due to an inherit...

A new method of measuring bleeding time using an Autolet device is described. Normal ranges of bleeding time and volume of blood used in the test have been defined in a population including preterm babies. Abnormal values have been shown in newborns with a variety of problems, and an abnormality of bleeding time has been found to precede intraventricular haemorrhage.