By HPLC, a taurine-conjugated bile acid with a retention time different from that of taurocholate was found to be present in the bile of the black-necked swan, Cygnus melanocoryphus. The bile acid was isolated and its structure, established by H and C NMR and mass spectrometry, was that of the taurine N-acyl amidate of 3a,7a,15a-trihydroxy5b-cholan-24-oic acid. The compound was shown to have ch...

On routine blood screens, persistent conjugated hyperbilirubinemia was discovered in two groups of closely related adult female golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia rosalia, n = 8). Bromosulfophthalein (BSP) retention tests were performed on four hyperbilirubinemic and three control tamarins. BSP excretion was delayed in hyperbilirubinemic tamarins as compared with controls. Grossly, li...

BACKGROUND Nucleation from supersaturated bile of calcium salts of cholesterol and bilirubinate is essential in the formation of gallstone. Nucleation requires gallbladder mucin and its main component, glycoprotein, may contribute to gallstone formation by providing a nidus or matrix for precipitation of lipid components. However, biliary protein patterns of patients with gallstones have not be...

Anatomic variations in forensic extrahepatic bile ducts is common. Knowledge of extrahepatic bile duct variations is important for surgeons in order to prevent iatrogenic damage during surgery. This study aims to determine the variations in extrahepatic bile ducts among 150 cadavers located at the Kerman Medicine Organization. We performed autopsies on 150 cadavers. Bile ducts were exposed an...

introduction: the present study aims to compare bile and urine samples of a corpse for detection of morphine. methods: in this cross-sectional study, forensic examination of the bodies placed 59 of the 366 referred corpses at the high suspicion of opioid overdose. urine and bile samples of the bodies were analyzed for morphine using thin layer chromatography. results: all samples were taken fro...

A 10-month-old female Japanese black heifer presenting with sudden loss of appetite was diagnosed with extreme extension of the gallbladder. Laparotomy reaching from the right part of the 10th rib to the right flank showed an extended gallbladder greater than 50 cm in diameter. Cholecystectomy was performed as follows: 1) complete removal of the gallbladder distally from the base; 2) flushing v...

Introduction: The Development of the Concept of Personality Disorders The concept of personality disorder dates back to ancient times. In the 5th century B.C., Hippocrates put forward the humoral hypothesis. He defined two typologies: a short and sturdy stature called habitus apolepticus, and a tall and thin stature called habitus phthysicus. He later hypothesized that there are four types of l...

Ulceration of the skin of the lower limb has been recorded as an affliction of the human race since the time of Hippocrates. It is almost certainly the price we pay for having emerged from the ocean and learned to stand erect. 1 The association between ulceration at the ankle and venous disorders of the lower limb has been known for over 2000 years and compression therapy is referred to in the ...

Cancer is a cohort of disorders that involves transformation, dysregulation of apoptosis, uncontrolled cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis. Extensive research during the last five decades has revealed much about the biology of cancer. Drugs used to treat most cancers are those that can block cell cycle, cell signaling, including growth factor signaling; inflammation, angio...

a rare case of ascaris coming out through the anterior abdominal wall is reported here. a 40‑year‑old female had undergone dilatation and curettage by a quack. on the second day she presented with presented with features of peritonitis. she was explored. resection anastomosis of the ileum was done for multiple perforations of the ileum. patient developed a fistula in the anterior abdominal wall...