Nine species of Anopheles mosquitoes were collected biting humans indoors and outdoors in a malaria endemic village in northern Peninsular Malaysia. Outdoor biting was higher than that observed indoors. Biting of An. maculatus was observed throughout the night. Peak indoor biting occurred at 2130 h while outdoor biting was higher after midnight. Outdoor biting of Anopheles barbirostris and An. ...

With the experimental design of this study the following conclusions were reached. 1. Biting force during maximum clenching was the greatest when the occlusal plane was made parallel to the ala-tragus line. It decreased when the occlusal plane was inclined about 5 degrees anteriorly or about 5 degrees posteriorly. 2. The efficiency of biting force exertion during maximum clenching showed the be...

Electromyographic (EMG) activities of the superior (SUP) and inferior heads (INF) of the lateral pterygoid muscle (LPT) were recorded in humans during voluntary stepwise changes in biting force and jaw position that were adopted to exclude the effects of acceleration and velocity of jaw movements on the muscle activity. The SUP behaved like a jaw-closing muscle and showed characteristic activit...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES The study was aimed at elucidating the prevalence and intensity of Mansonella perstans microfilaraemia in the Emohua Local Government Area, Nigeria, and ascertaining the abundance, circadian, and the annual biting patterns of the Culicoides vector. METHODS Thick smear of 50 µl finger-prick blood stained with Giemsa was examined microscopically in a cross-sectional stud...

Basic structural properties of tail-biting trellises are investigated. We start with rigorous definitions of various types of minimality for tail-biting trellises. We then show that biproper and/or nonmergeable tail-biting trellises are not necessarily minimal, even though every minimal tail-biting trellis is biproper. Next, we introduce the notion of linear (or group) trellises and prove, by e...

BACKGROUND Tail biting is a common and serious welfare problem in pig production, causing large economical losses. Tail docking is performed routinely in most EU countries to reduce the tail biting risk. However, tail docking is painful, and does not prevent tail biting totally. The risk factors behind tail docking are multifactorial and most analyses are based on studies using biological or ep...

The long term aim with this study was to identify predictors or early indicators of tail biting outbreaks using registrations from electronic feeders. This study is based on information about daily frequency of feeder visits (DFV) and daily feed consumption (DFC) recorded in electronic feeders from 460 noncastrated boars in tail biting pens (TB pens, n = 21) and matched control pens (Con pens, ...

Callicarpenal (=13,14,15,16-tetranorclerod-3-en-12-al=[(1S,2R,4aR,8aR)-1,2,3,4,4a,7,8,8a-octahydro-1,2,4a,5-tetramethylnaphthalen-1-yl]acetaldehyde; 1) has previously demonstrated significant mosquito bite-deterring activity against Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi in addition to repellent activity against host-seeking nymphs of the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis. In the present study...

What is tail biting? Tail biting is the oral manipulation of the tail of another pig that inflicts skin wounds and can result in amputation of parts of the tail or even the rump. Normal pig behaviour does not include tail biting. The occurrence of tail biting is a complex and multi-factorial problem and many risk factors are known to increase the chance of tail biting. In an attempt to prevent ...

Crib-biting in the horse is frequently prevented in the short-term by horse-owners using physical means. Because it has been proposed that crib-biting may function to reduce stress, the effect of prevention of crib-biting and/or eating on the behaviour, heart rate, and plasma cortisol and beta-endorphin concentrations was measured in six crib-biting and six normal horses. When crib-biters were ...