introduction the global climate is changing and, despite efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, weather variation is inevitable. meanwhile, agriculture as a major water consumer will require adaptation to these variations, along with other challenges, to guarantee its persistence and sustainability. given the arid and semi-arid climate of iran, water, as a main limiting factor for agricult...

J. DIJKSTRA , S. LOPEZ *, A. BANNINK , M. S. DHANOA , E. KEBREAB , N. E. ODONGO 6, M. H. FATHI NASRI 7, U. K. BEHERA 8, D. HERNANDEZ-FERRER 9 AND J. FRANCE 10# 1Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands 2 Instituto de Ganaderı́a de Montaña, Universidad de León – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientı́ficas, Departamento de Producción Animal...

Flood is one of the most destructive natural hazards which impose vast costs in order to compensate its effects, especially in areas where there are manifestations of human development (such as cities). Urban development, particularly in the margins of rivers, has increased flood damages in recent decades. The aim of this study was to develop flood hazard maps of Birjand plain based on analyses...

BACKGROUND Achieving a balanced and proper nutrition is one of the most important health objectives in the early years of the child's life. The aim of this study is to determine the level of knowledge and attitude of the mothers covered by the urban health centers of Birjand about nutritional behaviors. MATERIALS AND METHODS This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on the mothers with ...

OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of smoking on hearing loss in factory workers with occupational noise exposure. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted at Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran, from May to July 2013, and comprised smoking and non-smoking factory male workers. All of them were exposed to occupational noise level more than 85 decibels for at least 10 yea...

BACKGROUND Anthropometric indices are widely used to assess the health and nutritional status of children The aim of the present study was determination of malnutrition and compare estimates of under nutrition among young children under 2 years of age from Birjand city of Iran using WHO growth standard and the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) references. METHODS The cross-sectiona...

BACKGROUND Erectile dysfunction (ED) is one of the important complications in diabetic patients. Various factors trigger the onset and intensity of erectile dys-function. This study was done to determine the prevalence of erectile dysfunction and some associated factors among type II-diabetic patients in Birjand, Iran. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, which was carried out in Birjand du...

BACKGROUND Many patients with severe traumatic injuries are admitted to intensive care units (ICU). These patients usually require prolonged mechanical ventilation. These interventions require oral intubation and leave the mouth open which consequently impairs the natural antimicrobial activity in the mouth and airways. These patients are also prone to ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Evi...