Due to carbon source dependence, conventional biological nitrogen removal (BNR) processes based on heterotrophic denitrification are suffering from great bottlenecks. The autotrophic BNR process represented by sulfur-driven (SDAD) and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) provides a viable alternative for addressing low wastewater. Whether municipal wastewater or industrial with high nitrogen,...

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Advances in wastewater treatment over the past 150 years have improved public health and local water quality. Recently however, society has begun to consider the wider environmental implications of these improvements. This paper uses life cycle assessment to quantitatively compare the environmental costs and benefits of different wastewater treatment technologies and standards. It is demonstrat...

Despite recognition of the possible role of biological nitrogen removal (BNR) processes in nitrous oxide (N(2)O) emission, a measured database of N(2)O emissions from these processes at the national scale does not currently exist. This study focused on the quantification of N(2)O emissions at 12 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) across the United States using a newly developed U.S. Environmen...

Sludge produced in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) reaches around 1% of the wastewater volume treated whilst the processes for sludge handling and disposal represent from 20 to 60% of operating costs. It is widely recognised that sludge for disposal is one of the most critical issues today for WWTPs operators. The tendency of many countries seems to be aimed towards a biowaste prevention wh...

[1] We present a conceptual approach for evaluating the biological and hydrological controls of nutrient removal in different sized rivers within an entire river network. We emphasize a per unit area biological parameter, the nutrient uptake velocity (nf), which is mathematically independent of river size in benthic dominated systems. Standardization of biological parameters from previous river...

Suspension-feeding activities of oysters impart a potentially significant benefit to estuarine ecosystems via reduction of water column nutrients, plankton and seston biomass, and primary productivity which can have a significant impact on human well-being. This study considered nitrogen regulation by eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica in the Mission-Aransas Estuary, Texas, USA, as a functio...

Relatively little attention has been paid to integrating gaseous N(2)O generated by wastewater treatment into overall reactive nitrogen (Nr) pollution reduction. We propose that there is potential for substantial reductions in N(2)O emissions through the addition of denitrification processes to existing nitrifying wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), which are designed to lower ammonia levels b...

Biological nitrogen removal (BNR) systems are increasingly used in the United States in both centralized wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and decentralized advanced onsite wastewater treatment systems (OWTS) to reduce N discharged in wastewater effluent. However, the potential for BNR systems to be sources of nitrous oxide (NO), a potent greenhouse gas, needs to be evaluated to assess their ...