Michael 2005; 2: 277–90. Summary: The fight against tuberculosis was an important task for both authorities and humanitarian organisations. Many Norwegian nurses were involved in this work. Studies of the journal “Sykepleien” in the period between 1912 and 1940 show that nurses were responsible for important contributions, both as homecare nurses and in the institutions. The work they performed...

With the increased reliance on the Internet, digital piracy is a hot topic that is receiving substantial interest. And while most studies concentrate on understanding piracy in developed countries, few studies have been done in developing countries. In order to fill in this gap, this study reports on an experiment to deter/prevent digital piracy behavior in an Arab and a Middle Eastern country....

The so-called “phishing” attacks are one of the important threats to individuals and corporations in today’s Internet. Combatting phishing is thus a top-priority, and has been the focus of much work, both on the academic and on the industry sides. In this paper, we look at this problem from a new angle. We have monitored a total of 19,066 phishing attacks over a period of ten months and found t...

Biological warfare agents were one of the most feared classes of weapons that coalition troops believed Iraq might use against them. Biologic agents can either be sufficiently toxic that they kill their victims quickly, or they may induce a sufficient degree of acute disability that troops cannot fight effectively or defend themselves against an attack. The Centers for Disease Control and Preve...

Given the dramatic behavioral effects of winning and losing contests, and pronounced changes in stress and sex steroid hormones post-fight, it is reasonable to suppose that these hormones also dictate future behavior. We sampled water-borne cortisol, testosterone (T), and 11-ketotestosterone (KT) before and after contests in the mangrove killifish, Kryptolebias marmoratus, to determine how endo...

A central problem in the study of collective behavior is how functionally significant macroscopic properties arise out of individual or microscopic interactions. The most common approach to studying the relationship between the micro and macro in biological systems is dynamical systems and pattern formation (for examples, see Sumpter, 2006; Ball, 2009; Couzin, 2009; Payne et al., 2013). A compl...