Classical biological control of weeds currently operates under the assumption that biological control agents are safe (i.e., low risk) if they do not directly attack nontarget species. However, recent studies indicate that even highly host-speciWc biological control agents can impact nontarget species through indirect eVects. This Wnding has profound implications for biological control. To bett...

there is a long period between harvested beets and their transfer to the sugar factory. sugar beet crop is damaged and injured during harvest and transport which provides a suitable place for various saccharoliytic microorganisms growth in terms of temperature, moisture, ph and glucose concentration. in this study, samples were randomly selected from the roots stored in spring 2010 and also the...

The current interest in risks associated with classical biological control led us to review the literature to determine whether the introduction of multiple biological control agents has been more effective than the introduction of a single control agent. We analyzed 59 projects against weeds and 108 projects against insect pests. Establishment of control agents was significantly higher in sing...

some types of faba bean suspected of root pathogens in lorestan provincec, iran were sampled during years 2007 to 2008. after some pathogenicity tests, 121 samples which suffered from root fungus disease and from chromista were totally isolated. the abundance of fungi, fusarium solani, which caused the faba bean root rot was more than that of the other separated types and as well as the farming...