Production of algal crude oil has been achieved in various pilot scale facilities, but whether algal fuels can be produced in sufficient quantity to meaningfully displace petroleum fuels, has been largely overlooked. Limitations to commercialization of algal fuels need to be understood and addressed for any future commercialization. This review identifies the major constraints to commercializat...

The hip joint is a strongly loaded joint and highly vulnerable to any diseases and pathological changes related to loading conditions (Wall, 2002). Improper load distribution in the hip joint leads to its pathological changes that consist in anomalous growth of the acetabulum and femur. In the most drastic clinical cases the only way of treatment is to replace the natural degenerated joint with...

Global warming and climate change urge the deployment of close carbon-neutral technologies via synthesis low-carbon emission fuels materials. An efficient intermediate product such is biomethanol produced from biomass. Microalgae based offer scalable solutions for biofixation CO2, where biomass can be transformed into value-added fuel gas mixtures by applying thermochemical processes. In this s...

In 1960, Oswald and Golueke [1] presented a conceptual techno-economic analysis, "The Biological Transformation of Solar Energy", proposing the use of large-scale raceway ponds to cultivate microalgal on wastewater nutrients and then to anaerobically ferment the algal biomass to methane fuel. The methane was to be converted into electricity, with the CO2-containing flue gas recycled to the pond...

evaluation of carbon sequestration ability by chlorella vulgaris in water with different salinity expanded abstractintroductionnowadays, cultivation of microalgae in order to reduce co2 has gained attention all around the world. one of the outstanding features is that photosynthetic efficiency of microalgae is greater than that of terrestrial plants. carbon dioxide (co2) has been known as one o...