We investigated eyewear contamination levels in the operating room to assess infection risk and inform protocol development. Microbial contamination after use was found in 37.7% of disposable and 94.9% of reusable eyewear pieces. After disinfection, 74.4% of reusable eyewear also cultured positive. Disposable eyewear may reduce intercase contamination risk. Reusable eyewear may carry ongoing bi...

Good wound bed preparation is an essential aspect of wound care and effective wound healing. Removal of dead and necrotic tissue either through autolytic or interventional debridement, followed by good exudate management, inhibition of matrix metalloproteases and bacterial bioburden control should allow the chronic wound to process to closure. It is known, still, that wound healing in these cir...

BACKGROUND Bone and soft-tissue defects in infected wound have been an intractable problem to many surgical consultations. Infected wounds with bone defects are physical and financial burden to society. Nowadays, infected wounds with compound defect of bone and soft tissues are common in orthopedics department. Currently, no simple and efficient treatment has been found to solve this problem. T...

The Applied Wound Management (AWM) framework utilises three different continuums, each relating to a key wound parameter: 8 Wound Healing Continuum (WHC): is represented by the tissues in the wound and is a colour-based continuum. 8 Wound Infection Continuum (WIC): is subdivided into named stages representing varying host responses to bioburden, each identified by clinical cues. 8 Wound Exudate...

The purpose of this article is to provide the reader with a seven-step checklist that could help in minimising the risk of PJI. The check list includes strategies that can be implemented pre-operatively such as medical optimisation, and reduction of the bioburden by effective skin preparation or actions taking during surgery such as administration of timely and appropriate antibiotics or blood ...

The validation of surface-recovery methods is a pre-requisite for residual determination of cleaning effectiveness in process validation studies. These methods should be challenged in the laboratory using pilot-scale controlled conditions in order to evaluate the suitability for their intended use. Different swabbing techniques have been studied and compared with rinse method for 7 microorganis...

Pharmaceutical products prepared in pharmacies have the potential of contamination with different microorganisms. This is in part due to the unhygienic environment and also lack of a suitable preservative system. In this study, microbial quality of Eucerin-Urea ointments prepared at different pharmacies in Tehran, at the point of sale and also after two weeks storage at room temperature was exa...

Pharmaceutical products prepared in pharmacies have the potential of contamination with different microorganisms. This is in part due to the unhygienic environment and also lack of a suitable preservative system. In this study, microbial quality of Eucerin-Urea ointments prepared at different pharmacies in Tehran, at the point of sale and also after two weeks storage at room temperature was exa...