Most real world engineering design problems, such as cross-country water mains, include combinations of continuous, discrete, and binary value decision variables. Very often, the binary decision variables associate with the presence and/or absence of some nominated alternatives or project’s components. This study extends an existing continuous Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm to simultan...

2 Binary search trees 2 2.1 Definition of a binary search tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2.2 Profile of a binary search tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.2.1 Level polynomial. BST martingale . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.2.2 Embedding in continuous time. Yule tree . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.2.3 Connection Yule tree binary search tree . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.2.4 Asymptoti...

An optimal binary search tree is a binary search tree for which the nodes are arranged on levels such that the tree cost is minimum. For the purpose of a better presentation of optimal binary search trees, we will consider “extended binary search trees”, which have the keys stored at their internal nodes. Suppose “n” keys k1, k2, ... , k n are stored at the internal nodes of a binary search tre...

University of Southern Denmark 10.