The reflected radiation by observed surface is highly dependent on both sun illumination and satellite observation angles. These two angles are also described, respectively, as incident and reflected angles. The geometry-dependence of surface reflectance is usually corrected by a tailored Bi-directional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF). It is the most common tool used to eliminate or to...

Atmospheric aerosol properties and land surface reflectance can be retrieved from dual-angle AATSR measurements. In this paper a map of aerosol optical depth at 550 nm covering the Sahel and Southern Sahara region is presented. The map is a composite of thirtytwo 500 km wide AATSR strip-lines acquired throughout March 2003. Verification is performed using the MODIS and MISR global aerosol produ...

ion Heuristics for Symbolic Bidirectional Search

In 2003, Bhuma and Goldsmith introduced a bidirectional variant of Hansen and Zilberstein’s LAO* algorithm called BLAO* for solving goal-based MDPs. BLAO* consistently ran faster than LAO* on the race-track examples used in Hansen and Zilberstein’s paper. In this paper, we analyze the performance of BLAO* in comparison with both LAO* and our newly proposed algorithm, RLAO*, the reverse LAO* sea...

There are two different physical models connecting the micro-geometry of a surface and its physical reflectance properties (BRDF). The first, Cook-Torrance, assumes geometrical optics: light is reflected and masked by the micro-facets. In this model, the BRDF depends on the probability distribution of micro-facets normals. The second, Church-Takacs, assumes diffraction by the micro-geometry. In...

This paper studies external memory bidirectional search. That is, how bidirectional search algorithms can run using external memory such as hard drives or solid state drives. While external memory algorithms have been broadly studied in unidirectional search, they have not been studied in the context of bidirectional search. We show that the primary bottleneck in bidirectional search is the que...

This paper closes a definitional gap in the context of modeling cryptographic two-party channels. We note that, while most security models for channels consider exclusively unidirectional communication, real-world protocols like TLS and SSH are rather used for bidirectional interaction. The motivational question behind this paper is: Can analyses conducted with the unidirectional setting in min...

Capturing surface appearance is important for a large number of applications. Appearance of real world surfaces is dif cult to model as it varies with the direction of illumination as well as the direction from which it is viewed. Consequently, measurements of the BRDF (bidirectional reectance distribution function) have been important. In addition, many applications require measuring how the e...

We inve,tigate by ~tati,tical mechanical methods a uocha~tic analogue of the bidirectional a;sociative memone~ introduced by B. Kosko. We denve its ;torage capacity a~ a function of the total number of synapses and of the asymmetry of the network.