The article depicts the situation before Cold War in which developing countries (DCs) and least Developed countries (LDCs) found themselves big loser, as they were deprived from participation in trade negotiation process, leading into establishment of GATT . Therefore, they resorted to UNCTAD  as the sole defender of their interests against Developed Countries in trade negotiations. UNCTAD has ...

44 JPT • MARCH 2012 Editor’s note: This is the fifth in a series of articles on the great challenges facing the oil and gas industry as outlined by the SPE Research and Development (R&D) Committee. The R&D challenges comprise broad upstream business needs: increasing recovery factors, in-situ molecular manipulation, carbon capture and sequestration, produced water management, higher resolution ...

1 This is one of a number of proposals being discussed in the framework of the UK 'Grand Challenges' initiative of the UK computing research committee (UKCRC).

Entsprechend den von der GI formulierten „Grand Challenges der Informatik“ beschäftigt sich der Workshop mit einer aktuellen Herausforderung der Informatik der Software Qualität. „Software ist heute allgegenwärtig und kommt im täglichen Leben überall zum Einsatz: in der Kommunikation, der Unterhaltungselektronik, im Haushalt, in der Medizintechnik und in sicherheitskritischen Bereichen." [Grand...

In this paper, the challenges of information system evolution benefit assessment are reviewed. Classical investment criteria and their advantages and disadvantages with respect to evolution options assessment are studied. The following potential challenges in evolution investment decision making were identified: selecting a proper analysis method, acquisition of suitable metrics and follow-up d...

1 This is one of a number of proposals being discussed in the framework of the UK 'Grand Challenges' initiative of the UK computing research committee (UKCRC).