Estimating the costs of software development is one of the most important activities in software project management. Inaccuracies in such estimates may cause irreparable loss. A low estimate of the cost of projects will result in failure on delivery on time and indicates the inefficiency of the software development team. On the other hand, high estimates of resources and costs for a project wil...

The folding and assembly of proteins is essential for protein function, the long-term health of the cell, and longevity of the organism. Historically, the function and regulation of protein folding was studied in vitro, in isolated tissue culture cells and in unicellular organisms. Recent studies have uncovered links between protein homeostasis (proteostasis), metabolism, development, aging, an...

Organisms react to environmental challenges by activating a coordinated set of brain-body responses known as the stress response. These physiological and behavioral countermeasures are, in large part, regulated by the neuroendocrine hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Normal functioning of the HPA axis ensures that an organism responds appropriately to altered environmental demands, repr...

background the 30 kda major secretory protein of mycobacterium tuberculosis (antigen 85b) is a primary vaccine candidate. this secreted antigen induces a protective immune response and stimulates the production of ifn-γ in animal models. objectives the aim of this study was cloning and expression of ag 85b of m. tuberculosis in escherichia coli. materials and methods to produce recombinant ag85...

this study was performed from february to april 2006; several visits were made to abattoirs in the north of iran for hypoderma spp infestation. necropsy inspection of slaughtered and skinned animals were carried out by examination of the inner skin surface and subcutaneous tissues. warbles were isolated by squeezing nodules from subcutaneous tissues. in the case of abscess presence, aseptic sam...

Sleep is evolutionarily conserved and required for organism homeostasis and survival. Despite this importance, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying sleep are not well understood. Caenorhabditis elegans exhibits sleep-like behavioral quiescence and thus provides a valuable, simple model system for the study of cellular and molecular regulators of this process. In C. elegans, epiderma...