BACKGROUND Although the consumption of wine in particular has been associated with a lower risk of atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease, systematic reviews differ as to the relative protective effect of beer, wine and spirits. Two previous studies showed that red wine reduces fatty streak formation (early atherosclerosis) but not mature atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein (apo) E-deficient (ap...

Possibly one of the most widely used classroom exercises for demonstrating the dynamics of a supply chain is the Beer Distribution Gaine. The System Dynamics Group developed the exercise at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Sloan School of Management (Sterman 1989). Normally the game is played manually on a game board with paper demand and order cards. Pennies are used to track the mo...

OBJECTIVE We estimated the strength and direction of the association between product characteristics (beer type, package size, and brand name) and market-area socioeconomic characteristics, and promoted sales of beer in grocery stores. METHOD Supermarket scanner data from 64 market areas across the United States over 5 years were used to estimate regression models of the share of beer sales t...

We have isolated a hop-sensitive variant of the beer spoilage bacterium Lactobacillus lindneri DSM 20692. The variant lost a plasmid carrying two contiguous open reading frames (ORF s) designated horB(L) and horC(L) that encode a putative regulator and multidrug transporter presumably belonging to the resistance-nodulation-cell division superfamily. The loss of hop resistance ability occurred w...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to review the literature on the effects of beer, wine and spirits on the behavioral consequences of alcohol consumption. METHOD The methods involve library research and analysis of the various published articles relating to experimental and survey studies of different effects RESULTS The major results indicate that (1) after spirits consumption blood...

Over the last years the development of new beer types such as alcohol–free beer has been increased. This development is motivated by the effort for a greater market share in the brewing industry and by the global trend to a healthier lifestyle without alcohol. Alcoholfree beer can be produced by removal of alcohol after regular beer fermentation or by methods that suppress alcohol formation. Su...

The research presented here focuses on the influence of background music on the beer-tasting experience. An experiment is reported in which different groups of customers tasted a beer under three different conditions (N = 231). The control group was presented with an unlabeled beer, the second group with a labeled beer, and the third group with a labeled beer together with a customized sonic cu...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate the potential effects of alcohol by subtype on reported long-term weight change. METHODS This study examined changes in alcohol intake (total, wine, light beer, regular beer, and liquor) and simultaneous changes in reported body weight within 4-year periods from 1986 to 2010 from US men in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Stud...

Currently, the main quality problem of beer is the change of its chemical composition during storage, which alters the sensory properties. A variety of flavours may arise, depending on the beer type and the storage conditions. In contrast to some wines, beer aging is usually considered negative for flavour quality. The main focus of research on beer aging has been the study of the cardboard-fla...

The name of this venerable town means literally “the well of seven.” The Semitic words for “oath” and “swear an oath” are derived from the consonantal root of the number seven, and this etymological relationship is stressed in the biblical explanations of the name Beer-sheba. The name was first given because there Abraham and Abimelech king of Gerar swore an oath of mutual allegiance (Gen. 21:3...