For their normal living, honey bees (Apis mellifera) require proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins and minerals. It is well known that Co and vitamin B12 are two nutrients that have been reported in pollen and plants that have had positive results in bees feeding. In this respect, the aim of the study is to determine the influence of feeding of the bee families with CoSO4 as a supplement on...

1 Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006 NSW, Australia 2 Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, Australia Foot ulceration, secondary to diabetes, is the most common reason for lower limb amputation, accounting for 50-70% of non-traumatic lower limb amputations. Rather than progressing through the usual wound healing phases, diabet...

BACKGROUND Bee products (including propolis, royal jelly, and bee pollen) are popular, traditional health foods. We compared antioxidant effects among water and ethanol extracts of Brazilian green propolis (WEP or EEP), its main constituents, water-soluble royal jelly (RJ), and an ethanol extract of bee pollen. METHODS The hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-, superoxide anion (O2.-)-, and hydroxyl radi...