This article examines the implicit promises of fairness in evidence based medicine (EBM), namely to avoid discrimination through objective processes, and to distribute effective treatments fairly. The relationship between EBM and vulnerable groups (such as those disadvantaged by virtue of poverty, ethnicity, age, gender, mental health problems or similar) is examined. Several aspects of EBM are...

When is it okay to lie? And what constitutes a lie, anyway? This paper examines the notion of lying in agent-based systems, focusing on dialogues and situations where it is acceptable for agents to utter locutions that contradict their beliefs. We examine situations in human and animal behavior where lying — acting or making statements that contradict one’s set of beliefs — is considered to be ...

Gaining insight on the effect of policies upon the agricultural domain is essential for policy makers, famers and the agribusiness sector. A variety of models have therefore been developed that enable a prediction of agricultural development under different policies. Most models do however not make predictions on a fine grained level and are weak in accounting for specific factor market and res...

Surprisingly, quantitative data about parking in the city are rare and models play a limited role in the analysis of urban parking policies, with few exceptions (e.g. Shiftan 2001). Much of the modelling literature regarding parking is theoretical in nature and has not been applied to real-world situations (e.g. Voith 1998; Petiot 2004; Lam 2006). Most policy-oriented work, in turn, hardly make...

This paper proposes a bid generation and evaluation scheme and an information model for real-time scheduling. It is well known that an agent-based control approach performs according to both the negotiation mechanism itself and the single agent internal strategic policies. Mobile agent-based negotiation process (MANPro), which has been proposed in our previous work, concerns the first issue of ...

Location based services, one of the promising markets of mobile commerce, aims at delivering point of need personalized information. Often, these services to be delivered are based on the prior knowledge of the profiles of mobile customers and security and privacy policies dictated by them. These policies may specify revealing the sensitive information of mobile customers (e.g., age, salary) se...

media policy is the major strategies that guide the media in achieving the specific objectives. since the field of media policy area in the country is unknown, purpose of this study is carried out theoretical research in the field of media policy and develops a theoretical framework. theoretically there are two approaches in the field of media policy. the first approach is that the traditional ...

although public policy analysis is essential for public policy systems, the lack of public policy analysis is one of the most important problems of public policy making system in iran. thus, this research implemented to achieve a model for analyzing public policies, using multiple grounded theory method, to create theories and models compatible with the country`s conditions. for this purpose, p...