Probabilistically checkable debate systems (PCDSs) are debates between two competing provers, in which a polynomial-time verifier inspects a constant number of bits of the debate. It was shown by Condon, Feigenbaum, Lund, and Shor that every language in PSPACE has a PCDS in which the debate length is polynomially bounded. Using this result, they showed that the approximation versions of some na...

The paper analyzes the signals of dominance in different modalities displayed during TV talk shows and debates. Dominance is defined, according to a model in terms of goals and beliefs, as a person’s having more power than others. A scheme is presented for the annotation of signals of dominance in political debates: based on the analysis of videotaped data, a typology is proposed of strategies ...

In anticipation of the US Presidential debate on Monday, September 26, 2016, let’s look at a mathematical model for debates, developed by Dickson, Hafer and Landa [1]. We begin by asking what is the purpose of debates? From the point of view of each candidate, it is, of course, to convince listeners to vote for him/her. Thus we should concentrate on listeners who have not yet decided for whom t...

Many r u l e s of fo rma l debate are w e l l documented, of common knowledge, and " l ooked -up " in p r e p a r a t i o n f o r planned deba t i ng . I n f o r m a l debates, on the o ther hand, are h i g h l y dynamic, are complex, and are spontaneously generated w i t h no p r i o r r u l e -book p r e p a r a t i o n . They t o o , however, are r u l e g o v e r n e d . In t h i s paper I ...

The controversies and theological debates between different religions have always been an interesting topic for the scholars of religion. These debates were usually carried out in two ways: orally, in a meeting dedicated to these debates, or in writing. One of the religious traditions criticized since its emergence and against which many refutations were written in the early Islamic centu...

Argumentation mining, a relatively new area of discourse analysis, involves automatically identifying and structuring arguments. Following a basic introduction to argumentation, we describe a new possible domain for argumentation mining: debates in open online collaboration communities. Based on our experience with manual annotation of arguments in debates, we envision argumentation mining as t...

The researchers of the present study have conducted a genre analysis two political debates between American presidential nominees in 2016 and 2020 elections. current seeks to analyze cognitive construction evaluate typical moves strategies politicians use express their communicative intentions reveal language manifestations those strategies. To achieve study’s aims, adopt Bhatia’s (1993) framew...