pinus eldarica medw. (iranian pine) is native to transcaucasian region and has been vastly planted in iran, afghanistan, and pakistan. various parts of this plant have been widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases including infectious conditions (e.g. infectious wounds). in this study we aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of p. eldarica bark extract...

This study demonstrates the application of FT-IR spectroscopy for investigating the remediation of pink water with the low cost adsorbent pine bark. The removal of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) from pink water by adsorption to pine bark was accompanied by a reduction in intensities of peaks at 1544 and 1347 cm in the spectra of acetonitrile extracts of the pine bark. Hierarchial cluster analysis ...

A total of 115 different plant extracts from our collection, representing 96 plant species, have been evaluated for in vitro antileishmanial activity against L. amazonensis promastigotes. In addition, the extracts were screened for cytotoxic activity against BALB/c mouse macrophages in order to assess a selectivity index. Crude extracts that showed a selectivity index (CC50 for macrophage / IC5...

In an earlier study, we found that humans were able to categorize dog barks correctly, which were recorded in various situations. The acoustic parameters, like tonality, pitch and inter-bark time intervals, seemed to have a strong effect on how human listeners described the emotionality of these dog vocalisations. In this study, we investigated if the effect of the acoustic parameters of the do...

Multicomponent signals can be formed by the uninterrupted concatenation of multiple call types. One such signal is found in dingoes, Canis familiaris dingo. This stereotyped, multicomponent 'bark-howl' vocalisation is formed by the concatenation of a noisy bark segment and a tonal howl segment. Both segments are structurally similar to bark and howl vocalisations produced independently in other...

The aim of this study was to investigate and to compare the extractability, bioaccessibility, and bioavailability in vitro of antioxidative compounds from bark of selected Salix species: S. alba (SA), S. daphnoides (SD), S. purpurea (SP), and S. daphnoides x purpurea (SDP) hybrid willow clones originating from their natural habitats and cultivated on the sandy soil. The highest amount of phenol...

Facilitation between species is thought to be a key mechanism in community assembly and diversity, as certain species create microhabitats for others. A profound characteristic of forest ecosystems is a large amount of dead wood which is colonised by a vast array of invertebrate species. Bark beetles (Scolytinae) feed and breed on dying or dead trees, puncturing holes into the bark and engravin...

--After three growing seasons, green ash had produced 7,342 pounds per acre of above-ground dry matter compared to 3,572 for oak. Of the total biomass, ash had 53% in the bole (wood plus bark), 22% in old branches, 21% in leaves and 4% in new growth; oak had 50%, 21%, 24%, and 5% in the same components. These proportions changed after leaf fall. Concentrations of N, P, K, and Mg followed the ge...

Temporal and spatial patterns of stem and root radius changes were continuously measured on mature, subalpine Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) over 2 years. In addition, freezing experiments with stem segments of saplings were carried out in a climate chamber. The dynamics of the radius fluctuations were analyzed in relation to temperature profiles of air, bark, and soil. We found that b...

A parsimonious and compatible system of taper, total, and merchantable volume equations sharing a common vector of three parameter estimates was derived from Clark and Saucier’s (1990) volume ratio model. Clark and Saucier’s model expresses volume inside bark as a function of outside bark diameter and is itself not compatible with the derived taper equation. To ensure compatibility, models were...