Electro-optic modulators are among the most important building blocks in optical communication networks. Lithium niobate, for example, has traditionally been widely used to fabricate high-speed due its large Pockels effect. Another material, barium titanate, nominally a 50 times stronger r-parameter and would ordinarily be more attractive material choice such or other applications. In practice,...

Introduction: In order to achieve sustainable development in mining, waste management is an essential requirement. The current study aimed to examine industrial solid waste produced in Golgohar Mining and Industrial Company, which is a well-known iron ore extraction and processing complex. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in two phases from March, 2016 through Ma...

Red transparant platelet-shaped single crystals of tetra-barium gallium trinitride oxide, Ba4GaN3O, were synthesized by the Na flux method. The crystal structure is isotypic with Sr4GaN3O, containing isolated triangular [GaN3](6-) anionic groups. O(2-) atoms are inserted between the slabs of [Ba4GaN3](2+), in which the [GaN3](6-) groups are surrounded by Ba(2+) atoms.

We present magneto optical studies of the critical state in YBa2Cu3O7-δ (YBCO) thick films prepared using BaF2 ex-situ post reaction process. A fractal-like propagation was observed as the magnetic flux entering the superconducting films, in striking contrast to the behavior expected of a uniform type II superconducting film in the critical state. However, by averaging the flux density over a c...

(57)Fe Mössbauer spectra have been recorded from the hexagonal (6H)- and trigonal (15R)- modifications of BaFeO2F and are compared with those previously recorded from the cubic form of BaFeO2F. The spectra, recorded over a temperature range from 15 to 650 K show that all of the iron in all the compounds is in the Fe(3+) state. Spectra from the 6H- and 15R-modifications were successfully fitted ...

Well-defined zigzag-shaped ramp-type Josephson junctions between YBa2Cu3O7 and Nb have been studied. The magnetic field dependencies of the critical currents provide evidence for d-wave--induced alternations in the direction of the Josephson current between neighboring sides of the zigzag structure. The arrays present controllable model systems to study the influences of pi facets in high-angle...