C-banding techniques detect the presence of constitutive heterochromatin, which is usually located in centromeric regions of chromosomes in the majority of analysed species. The common method for C-banding used over the last 30 years involves treatment with a mild alkali barium hydroxide 5% Ba(OH)2 at 50 degrees C for 5-15 min and subsequent incubation in salt solution (2 x SSC at 60 degrees C ...

A simple technique for obtaining good chromosomal G-banding on fresh blood and bone marrow is presented. The usual technique is modified by using a microwave oven before staining the preparations with Wright's stain.

Chromosome studies with the banding technique have been performed in a considerable number of cases of myeloproliferative diseases, but technical difficulties have so far prevented detailed studies of chromosomal abnormalities in multiple myeloma. The karyotypes of bone marrow cells from two patients with multiple myeloma have been analyzed by a trypsin-Giemsa banding technique. Evidence is giv...

Shear-banding is commonly regarded as the "plasticity carrier" of metallic glasses (MGs), which usually causes severe strain localization and catastrophic failure if unhindered. However, through the use of the high-throughput dynamic nanoindentation technique, here we reveal that nano-scale shear-banding in different MGs evolves from a "distributed" fashion to a "localized" mode when the result...

The field of human cytogenetics has been through many different stages of development, each of them improving the characterisation of structurally abnormal and/or supernumerary chromosomes. The era of reliable identification of human chromosomes started with the invention of the banding method by Dr Lore Zech in 1968. The introduction of fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) techniques in h...

The field of human cytogenetics has been through many different stages of development, each of them improving the characterisation of structurally abnormal and/or supernumerary chromosomes. The era of reliable identification of human chromosomes started with the invention of the banding method by Dr Lore Zech in 1968. The introduction of fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) techniques in h...

Recent work on a network interpretation technique called “banding analysis” has shown how symbolic rules can be easily extracted from trained connectionist networks [2]. This method, however, is limited to “local” interpretations, and cannot take full advantage of the distributed nature of neural networks. In this paper we discuss a technique for extracting distributed symbolic rules from train...

Growth hormone (GH) is the most important hormone that controls somatic cell growth and the syntheses of protein, fat, and carbohydrates. This study was to identify gene polymorphism of GH-1 using PCR- single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) technique and its association with growth traits including condition factor (CF), body weight (BW) and total length (TL) in common carp (Cyprinus ca...