Several techniques are currently in use for mitral valve reconstruction. We report a mitral repair case in which the use of a combination of different surgical techniques resulted in the necessary correction. A 47-year-old woman underwent surgical intervention to treat severe mitral valve insufficiency due to A1/A2/A3 and P2 prolapsed valve tissue. A combination of quadrangular resection, slidi...

Tissue Doppler imaging was used with transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography to determine its clinical usefulness beyond visualization of ventricular wall motion. Thirteen novel applications were found: acoustically difficult transthoracic studies, thrombus, mitral chordal motion, shunt detection using saline contrast, spontaneous echo contrast, intra-aortic balloon pump position and...

Intraprocedural imaging continues to evolve in parallel with advances in percutaneous mitral valve interventions. This didactic review uses several illustrations and rich intraprocedural videos to further describe and demonstrate the role of the most up-to-date echocardiographic and advanced imaging technologies in the patient selection and intraprocedural guidance of percutaneous mitral valve ...

To investigate the mechanism that increases the orifice area of the mitral valve during balloon dilatation 43 surgically excised intact rheumatic mitral valves were studied. The main pathological features were (a) fibrosis of mitral valve leaflets and commissures (10 valves); (b) fibrosis with calcification of one commissure (eight anterolateral, seven posteromedial); (c) fibrosis with calcific...

OBJECTIVE To compare clinical and laboratory data in patients with mitral stenosis undergoing open commissurotomy or balloon valvuloplasty, who were followed up for 5 years. METHODS Eighty-one patients were prospectively assessed prior to the procedure (PRE) and immediately after the procedure, in the immediate postoperative period (IPO), and followed up yearly for 5 years (PO12M, PO24M, PO36...

Although the prevalence of rheumatic fever is decreasing in developed countries, it still affects numerous areas in the nonindustrialized world. Untreated mitral stenosis (MS) contributes to a significant global morbidity and mortality. Echocardiography is the main diagnostic imaging modality with which to evaluate mitral valve (MV) obstruction and assess the severity and hemodynamic consequenc...

BACKGROUND Percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (BMV) is an important option for the treatment of mitral valve stenosis. The crux of this process is choosing the appropriate Inoue balloon size. There are two methods to do this. One is an empirical formula based on the patient's height, and other is to choose according to the maximal inter-commissural distance of the mitral valve provided b...

The echocardiographic findings are described for five patients who had the prolapsed mitral valve syndrome, proven by cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography. In all five patients, the echocardiograms demonstrated posterior displacement of the posterior mitral leaflet during systole. In four of the patients there was also posterior displacement of the anterior leaflet. Four of the five pa...

Pulsed Doppler echocardiography was used to determine prospectively the prevalence of mitral, aortic, tricuspid and pulmonary regurgitation in 80 consecutive patients with mitral valve prolapse and 85 normal subjects with similar age and sex distribution. Mitral valve prolapse was defined by posterior systolic displacement of the mitral valve on M-mode echocardiography of 3 mm or more (40 patie...

Echocardiography has become within the last years the main tool in the evaluation of the valvulopathies. Surgery plays a key role in the management of the valvular disorders, but it must be underlined that the surgical timing, planning and indication are all widely based on echocardiography. All the guidelines use the echocardiographic criteria to manage the valvular patients. Echocardiography ...