The 3L-NPC (Neutral-Point-Clamped) is the most popular multilevel converter used in high-power medium-voltage applications. An important disadvantage of this structure is the unequal distribution of losses among the switches. The performances of 3L-NPC structure were improved by developing the 3L-ANPC (Active-NPC) converter which has more degrees of freedom. In this paper the switching states a...

A nondisclosure policy for tabular data or microdata restricts release of information that could be related to a specific individual. Pannekoek and de Waal (1998) describe a rule that suppresses data release when the number of people in a cell defined by a rare characteristic falls below a fixed floor, and show how empirical Bayes methods can be used to improve the estimation of that number. We...

Balancing the lithium-ion battery pack is essential to enhance energy usage and life cycle of battery. This paper analyses passive cell balancing method Li-ion for e-mobility application based on loss cost estimation through simulation hardware implementation. As a part simulation, an electrical equivalent circuit model developed parameters are obtained using electrochemical impedance spectrosc...