Bail-in has become the favorite focal point, or rather the favorite provocative term in the policy debate about bank rescue programs in Europe. For instance, over the past few weeks, the German government has insistently requested a substantial participation of the private sector in any further debt restructuring. Others, like the President of the European Central Bank have vigorously opposed a...

Two studies were conducted to determine how real felony court judges decide the amount of bail to set. In the first, the judges were presented with fictitious case histories containing the relevant information in a factorial design. In the second, multiple regression techniques were used to examine the impact of different kinds of information on decisions made by judges in actual bail hearings....

One in five incarcerated people in the United States are in jail awaiting trial, and many are detained due to an inability to pay relatively small amounts of money. This paper uses a natural experiment to analyze whether incarceration during the pretrial period affects case outcomes. In Philadelphia, defendants randomly receive bail magistrates who differ widely in their propensity to set bail ...

Black defendants are assigned systematically greater bail levels than whites accused of similar offenses and, partly as a result, have systematically lower probabilities of pre-trial release. We construct a simple model of optimal bail setting that allows us to measure how much of the bail difference is due to judicial bias against blacks, holding constant defendant heterogeneity that judges ob...

This paper endogenizes intervention in financial crises as the strategic negotiation between a regulator and creditors of distressed banks. Incentives for banks to contribute voluntary bail-in arise from their exposure contagion. In equilibrium, is possible only if regulator’s threat not bail out insolvent credible. Contrary models without or with government bailouts only, sparse networks enhan...

this paper deals with the ejection system that can be implemented in a civil aircraft. It is important for an aircraft to have an ejection seat in case the plane meets an accident in a battle or during test flight and the pilot has to bail out to save his or her life. The mechanism involves lifting of the pilot to a safe distance away from the aircraft and then deploying the parachute. As there...

PURPOSE The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of four pretrial jail release mechanisms (i.e., bond types) commonly used during the pretrial phase of the criminal justice process in terms of their ability to discriminate between defendants failing to appear in court (i.e., bond forfeiture). These include attorney bonds, cash bonds, commercial bail bonds, and release via a pretrial ...