deformation length is one of the most important parameters in cold roll-forming process, which plays a fundamental role in determining the inter-distance between the stations and rate of deformation. deformation length was first introduced by bhattacharyya. he also obtained a closed-form relation for this length in roll-forming of symmetric channel section. in this paper, deformation length in ...

When differential-algebraic equations of index 3 or higher are solved with backward differentiation formulas, the solution can have gross errors in the first few steps, even if the initial values are equal to the exact solution and even if the stepsize is kept constant. This raises the question of what are consistent initial values for the difference equations. Here we study how to change the e...

which is uniform with respect to λ > 0. Recall that we showed that this stability estimate is preserved by the implicit Euler method. However, the explicit Euler method is only stable provided that ∆t < 2/λ, so its stability is not uniform in λ. One consequence is that it is less efficient to compute with the explicit Euler method over long time intervals. Note that in this example, we also hav...

Abstract. In this paper, a linearized backward Euler method is discussed for the equations of motion arising in the Oldroyd model of viscoelastic fluids. Some new a priori bounds are obtained for the solution under realistically assumed conditions on the data. Further, the exponential decay properties for the exact as well as the discrete solutions are established. Finally, a priori error estim...

We consider the stochastic Allen-Cahn equation perturbed by smooth additive Gaussian noise in a spatial domain with smooth boundary in dimension d ≤ 3, and study the semidiscretization in time of the equation by an implicit Euler method. We show that the method converges pathwise with a rate O(∆tγ) for any γ < 1 2 . We also prove that the scheme converges uniformly in the strong Lp-sense but wi...

The Hong’s modified histogram shifting method is best method of reversible watermarking. But Hong’s modified histogram method is not suitable for cartoon images. Our improved backward histogram shifting method overcome drawback of Hong’s method. Generally PSNR decreases when embedding capacity increases. But our improved backward histogram shifting method gives more embedding capacity and high ...

in this study, an effort has been made to determine the most important risk factors of tuberculosis (tb) in district mardan. a total of 645 cases were examined, and their personal and medical data were collected. for each case, the phenomenon of tb was studied in relation to different risk factors. statistical techniques of logistic regression and backward elimination procedure were used to ana...

A new model for the asymmetrical rolling is proposed to calculate minimum rollable thickness simply and fast by slab method. The calculation formulas of pressure, force, critical roll speed ratio, front tension under different deformation zone configurations are proposed, configuration-rolling parameter relationship diagram given analyzed. results show that can be reached when parameters keep c...

‎In this paper a nonlinear backward parabolic problem in one‎ ‎dimensional space is considered‎. ‎Using a suitable iterative‎ ‎algorithm‎, ‎the problem is converted to a linear backward parabolic‎ ‎problem‎. ‎For the corresponding problem‎, ‎the backward finite‎ ‎differences method with suitable grid size is applied‎. ‎It is shown‎ ‎that if the coefficients satisfy some special conditions‎, ‎th...