the purpose of this study was to examine cook’s (2003) ‘multiple competence’ by investigating backward pragmatic transfer (from l2 [english] to l1 [persian]) in refusals to invitations. it explored participants’ frequency and content of refusal strategies in l1 regarding the status (i.e., power and distance) of interlocutors and the proficiency level of efl learners. the participants were persi...

This article presents a taxonomy of strategies for fully-automated general-purpose first-order theorem proving. It covers forwardreasoning ordering-based strategies and backward-reasoning subgoal-reduction strategies, which do not appear together often. Unlike traditional presentations that emphasize logical inferences, this classification strives to give equal weight to the inference and searc...

bounded scope dialogue with the user in order to collect his suggestions about the structure and content of the texts to be su~mmrized, and his requirements on the summary to be generated. This information is embedded in two different frameworks called working_ text schema and working summmar~, schema which contain the user's suggestions and requirements, respectively. The schemas will constitu...

I introduce axiomatically infinite sequential games that extend von Neumann and Kuhn’s classic axiomatic frameworks. Within this setup, I define a modified backward induction procedure that is applicable to all games. A strategy profile that survives backward pruning is called a backward induction equilibrium (BIE). The main result compares the sets of BIE and subgame perfect equilibria (SPE). ...

we derive error estimates in the appropriate norms, for the streamlinediffusion (sd) finite element methods for steady state, energy dependent,fermi equation in three space dimensions. these estimates yield optimal convergencerates due to the maximal available regularity of the exact solution.high order sd method together with implicit integration are used. the formulationis strongly consistent...

In this study, the performance of a centrifugal pump is investigated by adding polyacrylamide (PAM) polymer over the working fluid which is tap water in this case. PAM is a long chain polymer that leads to reduce the wall shear stress and drag in a turbulent fluid. Three different blade profiles including radial, straight backward and circular backward have been examined. For this purpose, a ce...