Single-chain antibodies (scFv) are small, recombinant proteins in which variable domains from immunoglobulin heavy and light chains are physically linked with a flexible peptide. They are monovalent and lack the heavy chain constant domins for activation of complement and binding to cellular receptors. However scFvs can possess biological activity by binding to and inhibiting the action of thei...

Probably because of their interpretability and transparent nature, synthetic controls have become widely applied in empirical research economics the social sciences. This article aims to provide practical guidance researchers employing control methods. The starts with an overview introduction estimation. main sections discuss advantages framework as a design, describe settings where reliable es...

Most methodological discussion in experimental economics has been pursued by justifying the use of experiments as theory testing vehicles. More recently it has also been argued that the external validity of experiments requires the use of nonexperimental field evidence. Therefore, it is argued, experiments are intermediaries between theories and field evidence. In this paper it is proposed that...

Economic theory has evolved without paying proper attention to behavioral approaches, especially to social, economic, and cognitive psychology. This has recently changed by including behavioral economics courses in many doctoral study programs. Although this new development is most welcome, the typical topics of the behavioral economics courses are not truly behavioral. More specifically, we qu...

Crowdfunding, Cascades and Informed Investors Do higher proportions of (a) informed investors and (b) high-quality projects increase the number of good projects that are ultimately financed via crowdfunding? A simple model and simulation reveals the answers to both questions to be: ‘not necessarily’. JEL Classification: L26, C63, G23

Previous results in the laboratory of the authors showed that Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain 905, isolated during 'cachaça' production, was able to colonize and survive in the gastrointestinal tract of germ-free and conventional mice, and to protect these animals against oral challenge with Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium or Clostridium difficile. In the present work, the effects of S...

Does ethical differentiation of products affect market behavior? We examined this issue in triopolistic experimental markets where producers set prices. One producer’s costs were higher than the others. In two treatments, the additional costs were attributed to compliance with ethical guidelines. In the third, no justification was provided. Many consumers reduced their experimental gains by pur...

The paper discusses the sense in which the changes undergone by normative economics in the 20 century can be said to be progressive. A simple criterion is proposed to decide whether a sequence of normative theories is progressive. This criterion is put to use on the historical transition from the new welfare economics to social choice theory. The paper reconstructs this classic case, and eventu...

The present note includes explanatory comments about the synergic interaction within the sphere of the socioeconomic analysis between the two following theoretical frameworks: 1. The Darwinian evolutionary model. 2. The computer simulation in accordance with the principia established by Bruno de Finetti and Herbert Simon. J.E.L. Classification: O33, C63, B52