In the present study, there was a complete lack of autologous MLR between responding T cells or T subsets and unirradiated or irradiated leukemic B cells or monocytes in all 20 patients with CLL, regardless of disease status, stage, phenotype, or karyotype of the disease. The stimulating capacity of unirradiated CLL B cells and CLL monocytes or irradiated CLL B cells was significantly depressed...

PURPOSE B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is an incurable disease despite aggressive therapeutic approaches. We previously found that Axl receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) plays a critical role in CLL B-cell survival. Here, we explored the possibility of using a high-affinity Axl inhibitor as a single agent or in combination with Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors for future clinica...

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia of B-cell origin (B-CLL) is generally thought to arise by neoplastic transformation of B lymphocytes, which express CD5 and have features of an early stage of B-cell differentiation. To study isotype-switched B-CLL as a potentially more differentiated variant, we performed genetic and functional immunoglobulin (Ig) gene analysis in two cases of CD5+ B-CLL in which t...

B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is characterized by cellular and humoral immune defects resulting in increased rates of infection and disturbed immune surveillance against cancer cells as well as by the expansion of slowly proliferating tumor cells. We found increased Fas receptor (FasR) expression in peripheral blood CD41 and CD81 cells of B-CLL patients compared with the equivalent cel...

B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is characterized by cellular and humoral immune defects resulting in increased rates of infection and disturbed immune surveillance against cancer cells as well as by the expansion of slowly proliferating tumor cells. We found increased Fas receptor (FasR) expression in peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ cells of B-CLL patients compared with the equivalent cel...

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia of the western world and is characterized by a slowly progressing accumulation of clonal CD5+ B cells. Our laboratory has investigated the role of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) in the pathogenesis of B-cell expansion in CLL. In vitro addition of TGF-beta did not increase spontaneous apoptosis of...

Chronic B-cell lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) represents 0.9% of all new cancers. It is estimated that there will be almost 15 000 new cases and 4600 deaths due to CLL in 2015 in the USA.1 The median ages at diagnosis and death are 71 years and 80 years, respectively.1 The criteria that define the diagnosis of B-CLL include the presence of at least 5 × 106 B lymphocytes/L with the peculiar CLL ph...

Type 4 cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) phosphodiesterase (PDE4) inhibitors and other agents that raise intracellular cAMP levels induce apoptosis in Bcell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (BCLL) but not in T-CLL or peripheral blood T cells. Two principal effector proteins for cAMP are protein kinase A (PKA) and EPAC (exchange protein directly activated by cAMP), a Rap guanosine 5 diphosphate ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is a clonal expansion of CD5+B cells that accumulate due to their uncontrolled growth and resistance to apoptosis. We have previously shown that up to 50% of blood CD4+ T cells in B-CLL patients have a cytotoxicity-related CD28- CD57+ phenotype and high content of both granzyme B and perforin (PF). In this study we investigat...

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by a clonal expansion of CD51 B cells in the peripheral blood. Associated immune aberrations include abnormal Th-cell function and pathogenic autoantibodies. Under most circumstances, CLL B cells do not proliferate in culture and express a limited repertoire of surface antigens, including CD19, CD20, CD23, CD27, CD40, and CD70. In this report,...