BACKGROUND Visceral leishmaniasis, commonly known as kala-azar in India, is a global public health problem. In Southeast Asia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Thailand are endemic for visceral leishmaniasis. The role of sandflies as the vector of kala-azar was first confirmed in 1942 in India. Insecticide resistance in Phlebotomus argentipes Annandale and Brunetti, the vector of...

Our experience with kala-azar among children is limited to that of two proviryces of North China, Hopei and Slantung, and covers the years 1921 to 1930 inclusive. The cases admitted to our service entered through our regular clinic in the city, as we have not attempted to handle these cases in the outlying endemic village districts. We recently had in the clinic at one time a case of chronic ma...

azar patient has led to certain statements on the possibilities of the urine being the transmitting medium of the infection of kala-azar, which are obviously absurd and which were certainly not suggested by Shortt himself. Both writers have been interested in the possibilities of urine being the transmitting medium of the infection of kala-azar and with this possibility in view made an effort last

INTRODUCTION Drug overuse is a serious problem for health care, and one of the biggest problems for the socio-economic well-being of different communities. The elderly tend to use more drugs due to changes in their cognitive and physiological factors. One of the best ways to evaluate the health level of elderly people is to evaluate their self-medication. This study was conducted to investigate...

When the grief around poet and writer is fragile when life filled with sorrow bitterness, then tyranny oppression become ordinary profession of people in several cases; creator, literary artistic works as a conscious connected stratum society do not became only spectators, instead help transcendent thoughts creative minds, they create valuable creation to be mirror dreams desire people. On othe...

Hydroxystilbamidine or 4 : 4'-diamidino 2-hydroxy-stilbene di-jS-hydroxy-ethane sulphonate was first used by the writer for the treatment of kala-azar in 1948 and 1949 and a paper based on the results of treatment of the first six cases published (Sen Gupta, 1949). All the six cases treated had recovered and had remained free from all symptoms of kala-azar for 5, 5, 5, 4}2-, 34, and 3 months re...

This study was undertaken to assess the extent of community awareness and related practices about kala-azar undertaken by them to control the disease, in an highly endemic focus of Bihar, India. A household-based cross-sectional knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) survey consisting of quantitative components on knowledge, attitude, and practices concerning kala-azar was administered to hea...

Several serology-based immunoassays are used to diagnose visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a chronic protozoan parasitic disease caused by the Leishmania donovani complex. These tests are primarily designed to diagnose the most severe clinical form of VL, known as kala-azar. However, leishmanial infection is frequently asymptomatic and may manifest only as a positive serologic response or positive l...

The present study was carried out in 13 Upazillas of 13 endemic districts for Malaria and 15 upozillas of 3 endemic districts for kala-azar in Bangladesh. to assess the current application of techniques for Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention for malaria and kala-azar by the professionals For Malaria, 300 professionals were interviewed of Upazilla Thana Complexes, they apply Examination of periphe...

The preliminary results of treatment of 50 cases of kala-azar and 2 cases of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis were reported by the writers (Sen Gupta and Chakravarty, 1945) last year. Of the 50 cases of kala-azar treated, two died during treatment and 48 were discharged as clinically cured. The immediate results of this trial were quite satisfactory, the immediate cure rate being about 96 pe...