the concept of dhimma and ‘uhda (obligation and undertaking) comprises one of the very important subdivisions of commitments in shī‘a jurisprudence. the application of these two terms is very common in legal texts, both in discourses on devotional acts and the discourses concerning transactions (including transactions in specific sense and delictual liability - ḍimān). some contemporary jurispr...

Let M = 2w, and GM = {1, 3, ...,M − 1}. A sequence {yn}, yn ∈ GM , is obtained by the formula yn+1 ≡ ayn + b+ cyn mod M. The sequence {xn}, xn = yn/M, is a sequence of pseudorandom numbers of the maximal period length M/2 if and only if a + c ≡ 1 (mod 4), b ≡ 2 (mod 4). In this note, the uniformity is investigated by the 2-dimensional serial test for the sequence. We follow closely the method o...

Bir demiryolu hatt?n?n esneme direnci, hat tasar?m?nda göz önünde bulundurulmas? gereken en önemli parametrelerden biridir. Bu de?erin optimum de?erinden dü?ük olmas? hattaki oturmalar? art?r?rken, yüksek zaman içerisinde elemanlar?nda y?pranmalara neden olur. Bununla birlikte, direncinin boyunca de?i?mesiyle dinamik darbe kuvvetleri artarak hatt?n bozulma sürecini h?zland?r?r. Hat direnci; hat...

This paper summarizes Rand’s theory of concepts as presented in the first five chapters of Introduction to Objectivist Epistemology. Rand’s approach to universals, essentials, and definitions is discussed, and key Randian usages such as “unit,” “measurement,” “distinguishing characteristic” and “Conceptual Common Denominator” are explained. An appendix summarizes Rand’s treatment of several con...

Objectivism, the philosophy of Ayn Rand, subordinates legal concepts to radical capitalism as a political ideal. Such concepts, however, play an important role in her thought. Scrutiny those writings where Rand deals with these shows middle ground between Natural Law, Positivist and Legal Realist perspectives. According objectivity becomes essential feature Law stricter sense. In this respect, ...

BACKGROUND Globally, about seven million children under the age of five died in 2011. Local illness concepts are thought to be related to inappropriate health-seeking behaviour, and therefore, lead to child mortality. The aim of this study was to contribute to the definition of common local illness concepts with their effects on health-seeking behaviour for common childhood illnesses. METHODS...