Axillary lymph node dissection is standard management of axilla in invasive breast cancer. Radiotherapy also is important in local treatment. It is controversial as to whether axillary radiotherapy can displace axillary lymph node dissection. We performed a meta-analysis comparing axillary radiotherapy with axillary dissection. No significant difference was observed for disease free survival an...

Axillary lymph node dissection represents the standard surgical treatment for breast cancer patients with clinically or histologically involved axillary lymph nodes. However, it is associated with significant morbidity, including postoperative arm lymphedema and neuropathy of the involved extremity, and seroma formation in the axilla (Noguchi et al., 1997). Particularly, arm lymphedema develops...

Treatment of the axilla by surgery with or without radiotherapy remains an integral part of the management of patients with invasive breast cancer. In general, the standard treatment of the axilla involves axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in which surgical clearance of axillary nodes with a minimum of level I & II is performed. ALND is an effective staging procedure and is essential for lo...

Introduction. There has been recent interest in validity of completion axillary node dissection after a positive sentinel node. This systematic review aims to ascertain if sentinel lymph node dissection alone was noninferior to axillary lymph node dissection for breast cancer patients who have a positive sentinel node. Method. A systematic review of the electronic databases Embase, MEDLINE, and...

Radical surgery of breast cancer includes lymphadenectomy of axilla as well as the dissection of the neoplastic tissue. However recently many works have raised doubts on the opportunity of performing routinary axillary dissection, which elevates morbidity risk, in absence of axillary metastases. However, unfortunately, information on axillary lymph node pathology, is not available with any othe...

Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) has been a part of breast cancer management since the 1900s. The idea that axillary metastases do not require surgical removal is a repudiation of the Halstedian concept of breast cancer biology, yet multiple prospective randomized studies show that the incidence of nodal recurrence in patients not having ALND is substantially lower than expected, based on ...

although most breast cancers are adenocarcinomas of the mammary gland, primary breast sarcomas may also arise from mammary gland mesenchymal tissue. sarcomas represent less than 1% of primary breast neoplasms. these tumors are at high risk of recurrence and are known to have poor prognosis. surgical resection is the primary treatment for these lesions and axillary lymph node dissection is not r...

background : sentinel lymph node biopsy is a technique used to identify the axillary node most likely to contain tumor cells that have metastasized from a primary carcinoma of the breast. this technique provides accurate staging with fewer complications than axillary dissection and may result in decreased costs. we designed the present study to determine the accuracy and success rate of a combi...

BACKGROUND The standard treatment of the axilla in breast cancer used to be an axillary lymph node dissection. An axillary lymph node dissection is known to give substantial risks of morbidity. In recent years the sentinel node biopsy has become common practice. Future randomized study results will determine whether the expected decrease in morbidity can be proven. METHODS Before the introduc...

Objective: To provide information needed by patients with breast cancer (stages I and II) and their physicians when deciding whether axillary dissection should be carried out. Options: No axillary surgery; removal of all axillary lymph nodes; removal of level 1 and 2 nodes; axillary “sampling.” Outcomes: Accurate determination of stage of cancer, resulting in better-informed therapeutic decisio...